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. 2024 Sep 17;30(11):3184–3195. doi: 10.1038/s41591-024-03211-3

Fig. 5. Performance of the C-Lung-RADS pipeline for the malignancy risk stratification and management of lung nodules.

Fig. 5

a, The distribution of the four risk classes identified by C-Lung-RADS and Lung-RADS v2022, and malignancy proportion in each category of risk levels in the internal testing dataset. b, The detection performance of different methods for lung cancer in the internal testing dataset. c, The distribution of the four risk classes and malignancy proportion in each category of risk levels identified by C-Lung-RADS and Lung-RADS v2022 in the independent testing dataset. For a and c, for clinical diagnosis, malignant nodules are confirmed by pathology, and benign nodules are confirmed by pathology or stable follow-up. d, The detection performance of different methods for lung cancer in the independent testing dataset. e, The pulmonary nodules detected on chest CT were assessed through C-Lung-RADS and managed according to the appropriate protocol. TP, true positive; TN, true negative; FP, false positive; FN, false negative.