Fig. 4. Development and validation of a digital gene expression signature for predicting breast cancer recurrence.

a Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival obtained from the TCGA discovery dataset. Patients were split by the median risk score. b, c Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival in the b SCANB and c METABRIC validation datasets. d Circos plot showing the biological process associated with the prognostic gene signature. Gene names and the associated risk coefficients are shown on the left, and the corresponding biological processes are shown on the right. e Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival obtained from the predicted gene expression values of the TCGA test set. Patients were split by the median risk score. f Kaplan–Meier curves of recurrence-free survival directly predicted from histology images of the TCGA test set. Patients were split by the median risk score. Source data for all panels are provided in the Source Data File.