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. 2024 Nov 14;14:28012. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77776-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Cigarette smoke extract decreases calcium efflux and regulates PP2A activity in a calcium-dependent manner. (A) Human microvascular lung endothelial cells (HLMVEC) were grown to 80% confluence in 24-well plates and treated with control media or media with 1, 2, 5 or 10% CSE for 10 min. A calcium release assay was conducted on media collected from these cells. (B) PP2A activity assays were conducted on human microvascular lung endothelial cells (HLMVEC) grown to 80% confluence in 6-well plates and were treated with low calcium media that was switched to high calcium media or high calcium media that was switched to low calcium media after 5% CSE treatment.