TABLE 3.

Univariate analysis of the association of self‐rated health with the JPCAT‐SF scores and each health‐related indicator (the chi‐square test).

High self‐rated health	Odds ratio	95%CI		p Value
Whole group
Above average JPCAT‐SF score	0.90	0.75	1.06	0.21
Male	0.82	0.7	0.97	0.02
Non‐elderly	1.69	1.4	2.04	<0.001
High educational background	1.78	1.47	2.15	<0.001
Married	1.18	0.98	1.42	0.06
Not working	0.45	0.38	0.53	<0.001
Annual income >3 million yen	1.65	1.38	1.97	<0.001
Subgroup with chronic disease
Above average JPCAT‐SF score	1.19	0.92	1.55	0.15
Male	0.81	0.63	1.03	0.08
Non‐elderly	1.37	1.02	1.83	0.02
High educational background	1.87	1.42	2.45	<0.001
Married	1.24	0.94	1.63	0.11
Not working	0.50	0.39	0.64	<0.001
Annual income >3 million yen	1.60	1.24	2.06	<0.001
Subgroup without chronic disease
Above average JPCAT‐SF score	0.94	0.69	1.28	0.71
Male	1.43	1.04	1.98	0.02
Non‐elderly	1.19	0.86	1.66	0.25
High educational background	1.59	1.13	2.27	0.006
Married	1.29	0.92	1.80	0.11
Not working	0.61	0.45	0.83	0.001
Annual income >3 million yen	1.35	0.98	1.99	0.055

Note: Each variable was categorized as follows: Whether the sex is male was used as categorical data. Age was used in the analysis as “non‐elderly” if the age was less than 65. Educational background was used in the analysis as “high educational background” if the respondent had a junior college or university degree or higher. Marital status was used in the analysis of “whether the respondent has been married or not” as a confounding factor. Working status was defined in the analysis as “not working” if the respondent was unemployed or retired. Respondents were asked to answer on a 4‐point scale their annual household income (1.5, 3, and 5 million yen), and whether the income was 3.01 million yen or more in the middle was used for the analysis.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; JPCAT‐SF, Japanese Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form.