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. 2024 Oct 30;16(10):7155–7164. doi: 10.21037/jtd-24-832

Table 5. Combined risk of bias assessment.

Authors, year Study design D1 randomization process Bias due to confounding Bias in selection Bias in classification of interventions D2 bias due to deviation from intervention D3 bias due to missing data D4 bias in outcome measurement D5 selective reporting Overall
Narenchandra 2022 (11) RCT Low NA NA NA Low Low Low Low Some concerns
Jabłoński 2018 (18) RCT Low NA NA NA Low Low Low Low Some concerns
Cobanoglu 2009 (12) Prospective study NA Serious Serious Low Low Low Low Low Serious