Table 2.

Research questions with the three highest rankings within each domain

Rank*	Research question	Overall RPS†	AEA‡
	Domain 1: understanding norms and their influence
1	How do norms influence sexual and reproductive health behavior/outcomes differently depending on people's intersecting identities (e.g. socio-economic status, religion, disability, etc.) for adolescents and youth in LMICs?	76%	61%
2	How do social norms influence adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health behaviors and outcomes in LMICs?	74%	59%
3	How do social norms related to adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health shift at critical life course transitions (e.g. puberty, sexual debut, marriage, becoming a parent) in LMICs?	72%	55%
	Domain 2: designing & implementing norm-shifting interventions
1	What interventions (strategies, activities) are effective in shifting norms related to adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health behaviors/outcomes in LMICs?	81%	70%
2	What are effective strategies to engage reference groups (i.e. gatekeepers) to support shifts in norms related to adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in LMICs?	80%	67%
3	How can adolescent and youth norm shifting initiatives on sexual and reproductive health engage a diverse consortium of stakeholders (e.g. community individuals and orgs partners, private and public organizations, governments) in intervention design and delivery in LMICs?	74%	56%
	Domain 3: enhancing norms-shifting intervention monitoring and evaluation
1	What are practical and valid indicators and approaches to monitor norms-shifting related to adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health interventions in LMICs?	80%	68%
2	What are practical and rigorous approaches (e.g. social network analysis, influence mapping, vignettes) to evaluate sexual and reproductive health norms-shifting interventions among adolescents and youth in LMICs?	76%	61%
3	How can we assess the costs and cost-effectiveness of norms-shifting interventions to improve adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health in LMICs?	73%	58%
	Domain 4: scaling and sustaining norms-shifting interventions
1	What are best practices for adapting norms-shifting interventions for adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health in LMICs?	79%	65%
2	What are different approaches for scaling sexual and reproductive health norms- shifting interventions for adolescents and youth across sectors (e.g. health, education, community) in LMICs?	78%	62%
3	What program characteristics (e.g. frequency, duration, technologies utilized, strategies, participants, facilitators) facilitate scale up of sexual and reproductive health norms-shifting interventions for adolescents and youth in LMICs? How and why do they do so?	76%	60%

AEA – Average Expert Agreement, LMIC – low- and middle-income country, NSI – norm-shifting intervention, RPS – Research Priority Scores

*Research questions ranked according to the RPS within each of the four domains.

†RPS was calculated by multiplying average stakeholder intermediate scores for each question on each of the four criteria and the average stakeholder rank of criteria in order of importance (4 being most important, 1 being least important), divided by the total sum of weighted ranks. Those questions with the same RPS were taken out two decimal places to determine what would be higher ranked.

‡AEA was calculated by multiplying ¼ by the sum of all four criteria of the number of scores who provided the most frequent weighting response divided by the number of scorers who provided any response and multiplied by 100%.