Near-field electrospinning
of various biopolymers and carbon nanomaterials.
(a) Versatile gelatin fibrous patterns created by the NEFS approach:
(i) schematic illustration of the NFES direct-writing approach, (ii)
beaded, curly, and straight gelatin fiber patterns, and (iii) scanning
electron micrographs showing typical regions of the fiber patterns.
Reprinted with permission from ref (40). Copyright 2014 PLoS One. (b) Multiwalled carbon
nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite polymer electrode printed by NFES: (i,
ii) microscopic images showing the composite fibers in suspension
and on a substrate, (iii) MWCNTs bridging an open crack along the
fiber axis (the MWCNTs are shown by a yellow arrow). Reprinted with
permission from ref (42). Copyright 2012 IOP Publishing. (c) PCL/collagen interconnected
fiber membrane fabricated by NFES: (i) photo of the thin film, (ii)
SEM micrographs of the interconnected PCL and PCL/collagen fibers,
and (iii) atomic force microscope characterization of the PCL fiber
network. Reprinted with permission from ref (34). Copyright 2018 John Wiley
and Sons.