Figure 11.
Representative bioengineered dynamic devices as AEs
(A) Utilizing 3D-printed porous PEGDA molds and coaxial bioprinting techniques, a biomimetic vascular construct loaded with SMCs and HUVECs is fabricated, which after perfusion culture forms a multi-layered structure, demonstrating potential in modeling pathophysiological conditions such as AS, upon TNF-α stimulation (scale bar i: 500 μm, ii: 100 μm). Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH, Reproduced with permin.210
(B) Sequential suspension 3D-printed multi-layered arterial models, matured into functional vascular tissues through simulated blood flow and co-culture, are utilized for the observation of early arterial disease markers (scale bar i: 1 mm, ii, iii: 50 μm, iv: 500 μm). Copyright 2023, IOP Publishing, Reproduced with permission.211
(C) The elastic membrane within a microfluidic device transmits uneven strain to cells in an ex vivo AS model, assessing the efficacy of atorvastatin in inhibiting foam cell formation under LDL and strain conditions (scale bar i: 10 μm, ii: 50 μm, iii: 100 μm). Copyright 2019, Springer Nature, Reproduced with permission.212