Figure 5.
Representative AEs constructed by electrospinning
(A) Electrospinning achieves controlled microstructures with circumferential and longitudinal alignment, guiding ECs to converge and form an endothelial layer (scale bar 30 μm). Copyright 2019, National Academy of Sciences, Reproduced with permission.113
(B) Coaxial electrospun vascular grafts with heparin-VEGF and polycaprolactone/gelatin demonstrate 100% patency and complete endothelialization in rats after four months (scale bar i: 1 μm, ii: 3 mm). Copyright 2024, Elsevier, Reproduced with permission.114
(C) The MEW technology regulates the fiber arrangement of the stent, mimicking the arrangement of collagen fibers to achieve a vascular graft with a wavy circumferential ultra-fine fiber arrangement, exhibiting good biomechanical compliance (scale bar 500 μm). Copyright 2023, IOP Publishing, Reproduced with permission.115