TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the studies included in this network meta-analysis.
| Study | Year | Sample size | Gender (M/F) | Mean age | Intervention | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L Zhang | 2023 | XLCQT:46 SOC:46 |
58/34 | XLCQT:61.39 SOC:61.39 |
XLCQT: 400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| J Ma | 2020 | XLCQT:48 SOC:48 |
53/43 | XLCQT:62.12 SOC:62.25 |
XLCQT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI; ADL |
| SH Yin | 2018 | XLCQT:41 SOC:39 |
51/29 | XLCQT:64.51 SOC:65.08 |
XLCQT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| HW Lu | 2020 | XLCQT:37 SOC:37 |
41/33 | XLCQT:65.49 SOC:65.32 |
XLCQT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| Q Zhao | 2017 | XLCQT:43 SOC:43 |
57/29 | XLCQT:57.33 SOC:58.09 |
XLCQT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| J Shi | 2019 | SQTLF:103 SOC:103 |
112/94 | SQTLF:57.24 SOC:56.87 |
SQTLF:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| RR li | 2022 | SQTLF:60 SOC:60 |
79/41 | SQTLF:60.32 SOC:60.28 |
SQTLF:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| H Han | 2022 | SQTLF:29 SOC:29 |
37/21 | SQTLF:59.46 SOC:59.34 |
SQTLF:500 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| HR Han | 2021 | ZFJXT:68 SOC:67 |
73/62 | ZFJXT:68 SOC:67 |
ZFJXT: Once/day |
NIHSS |
| XC Shen | 2018 | ZFJXT:60 SOC:60 |
75/45 | ZFJXT:72.1 SOC:72.41 |
ZFJXT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| XM Pan | 2018 | ZFJXT:40 SOC:40 |
41/39 | ZFJXT:67.45 SOC:67.45 |
ZFJXT: Once/day |
NIHSS |
| LN Zhang | 2017 | TQHXT:40 SOC:40 |
52/28 | TQHXT:53.25 SOC:53.05 |
TQHXT:500 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| Y Jiang | 2016 | TQHXT:40 SOC:40 |
52/28 | TQHXT:53.25 SOC:53.05 |
TQHXT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| YJ Li | 2022 | TQHXT:45 SOC:45 |
57/33 | TQHXT:65.03 SOC:64.97 |
TQHXT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| SF Mao | 2022 | TQHXT + BAOOA:50 SOC:50 |
51/49 | TQHXT:63.45 SOC:63.34 |
TQHXT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| X Liu | 2022 | TQHXT + TCMr:48 SOC:48 |
52/44 | TQHXT:55.21 SOC:56.30 |
TQHXT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| YL Shang | 2022 | TLXFT:45 SOC:45 |
53/37 | TLXFT:58.03 SOC:57.62 |
TLXFT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| XJ Chen | 2018 | TLXFT:90 SOC:90 |
102/78 | TLXFT:58.9 SOC:58.2 |
TLXFT: Twice/day |
ADL |
| RF Huang | 2016 | TLXFT:56 SOC:56 |
75/37 | TLXFT:62.14 SOC:61.59 |
TLXFT: Twice/day |
ADL |
| J Liang | 2021 | TLXFT:45 SOC:45 |
49/41 | TLXFT:58.12 SOC:58.39 |
TLXFT: Twice/day |
ADL |
| Y Cui | 2022 | TLFZT:44 SOC:44 |
57/31 | TLFZT:64.15 SOC:64.29 |
TLFZT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| J Song | 2021 | TLFZT:49 SOC:49 |
53/45 | TLFZT:55.59 SOC:56.21 |
TLFZT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| GP Chen | 2022 | TLFZT:42 SOC:42 |
43/41 | TLFZT:72.59 SOC:72.74 |
TLFZT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| J Ding | 2020 | XFZYT:63 SOC:63 |
77/49 | XFZYT:63.2 SOC:63.6 |
XFZYT:150 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| HL Liu | 2018 | XFZYT:50 SOC:50 |
58/42 | XFZYT:62.11 SOC:63.02 |
XFZYT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| HW Gao | 2022 | XFZYT:28 SOC:28 |
30/26 | XFZYT:56.92 SOC:58.38 |
XFZYT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| H Yang | 2020 | XFZYT:82 SOC:82 |
89/75 | XFZYT:54.9 SOC:56.1 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| DJ Tang | 2016 | XFZYT:50 SOC:50 |
55/45 | XFZYT + WM:60.34 SOC:60.14 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| KY Fang | 2020 | XFZYT:40 SOC:40 |
46/34 | XFZYT:59.35 SOC:59.41 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| MH Du | 2018 | XFZYT:35 SOC:35 |
48/22 | XFZYT:64.52 SOC:64.50 |
XFZYT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| J Xu | 2023 | XFZYT:30 SOC:30 |
30/30 | XFZYT:61.67 SOC:61.34 |
XFZYT: Once/day |
NIHSS |
| H Gao | 2017 | XFZYT:40 SOC:40 |
48/32 | XFZYT:68.93 SOC:69.21 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| J Liu | 2017 | XFZYT:53 SOC:53 |
59/47 | XFZYT:61 SOC:63 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| F Wang | 2019 | XFZYT:100 SOC:100 |
125/75 | XFZYT:62.1 SOC:64.1 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| YH Li | 2013 | XFZYT:36 SOC:36 |
50/22 | XFZYT:63.43 SOC:63.67 |
XFZYT:500 mL Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| DS Li | 2020 | XFZYT:63 SOC:63 |
68/58 | XFZYT:62.74 SOC:63.25 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| WD Zhu | 2015 | XFZYT:80 SOC:80 |
108/52 | XFZYT:70.11 SOC:73.31 |
XFZYT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| CM Zheng | 2015 | XFZYT:40 SOC:40 |
42/38 | XFZYT:42.7 SOC:42.6 |
XFZYT: Tid |
NIHSS |
| L Li | 2020 | XXMT:45 SOC:45 |
51/39 | XXMT:65.54 SOC:64.98 |
XXMT:360 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| ZC Jiang | 2019 | XXMT:31 SOC:31 |
33/29 | XXMT:66.25 SOC:65.8 |
XXMT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| SJ Ai | 2022 | XXMT:40 SOC:40 |
57/23 | XXMT:66.63 SOC:66.41 |
XXMT:400 mL Twice/day |
ADL |
| Q Zhang | 2023 | XXMT:31 SOC:31 |
35/27 | XXMT:64.31 SOC:64.88 |
XXMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| XJ Liu | 2018 | XXMT:40 SOC:40 |
49/31 | XXMT:60.01 SOC:59.26 |
XXMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| ZQ Sun | 2017 | QFHYXXTLF:42 SOC:42 |
51/33 | QFHYXXTLF:59.79 SOC:60.17 |
QFHYXXTLF:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| RJ Zhu | 2015 | QFHYXXTLF:40 SOC:40 |
47/33 | QFHYXXTLF:58.2 SOC:57.3 |
QFHYXXTLF:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| HM Shao | 2015 | QFHYXXTLF:40 SOC:40 |
47/33 | QFHYXXTLF:58.2 SOC:57.3 |
QFHYXXTLF:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| ZH Zhang | 2017 | BXBZTMT:35 SOC:35 |
47/23 | BXBZTMT:60.25 SOC:60.65 |
BXBZTMT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| Q Zhou | 2019 | BXBZTMT:15 SOC:15 |
13/17 | BXBZTMT:65.61 SOC:65.58 |
BXBZTMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| F Liu | 2023 | BXBZTMT:48 SOC:48 |
52/44 | BXBZTMT:61.24 SOC:61.32 |
BXBZTMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| KL Fu | 2018 | BXBZTMT:73 SOC:73 |
81/65 | BXBZTMT:59.93 SOC:59.38 |
BXBZTMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| Y Tang | 2019 | BXBZTMT:92 SOC:91 |
107/76 | BXBZTMT:57.85 SOC:58.92 |
BXBZTMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| XQ Xun | 2019 | BXBZTMT:44 SOC:44 |
52/36 | BXBZTMT:61.9 SOC:62.6 |
BXBZTMT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| F Liu | 2022 | BXBZTMT:40 SOC:40 |
52/28 | BXBZTMT:58.19 SOC:57.20 |
BXBZTMT:400 mL Once/day |
NIHSS |
| Q Tang | 2017 | BXBZTMT:40 SOC:40 |
42/38 | BXBZTMT:64.0 SOC:63.1 |
BXBZTMT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| JF Zou | 2021 | BXBZTMT:38 SOC:38 |
42/34 | BXBZTMT:52.5 SOC:52.0 |
BXBZTMT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| T Lei | 2021 | BXBZTMT:60 SOC:60 |
64/56 | BXBZTMT:67.21 SOC:67.12 |
BXBZTMT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| Q Zou | 2021 | BXBZTMT:43 SOC:43 |
49/37 | BXBZTMT:58.4 SOC:58.6 |
BXBZTMT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| SL Liang | 2023 | BYHWT:59 SOC:58 |
65/52 | BYHWT:68.3 SOC:66.8 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| GH Zhao | 2014 | BYHWT:34 SOC:34 |
33/35 | BYHWT:63.6 SOC:63.6 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| L Lin | 2022 | BYHWT:42 SOC:42 |
47/37 | BYHWT:58.4 SOC:56.3 |
BYHWT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| GH Zhao | 2014 | BYHWT:32 SOC:32 |
33/31 | BYHWT:62.5 SOC:66.9 |
BYHWT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| GH Sun | 2015 | BYHWT:39 SOC:39 |
49/29 | BYHWT:62.56 SOC:62.56 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| M Wu | 2014 | BYHWT:38 SOC:37 |
40/35 | BYHWT:61.82 SOC:60.10 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| Y Wang | 2019 | BYHWT:50 SOC:50 |
56/44 | BYHWT:65.22 SOC:64.60 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
ADL; BI; NIHSS |
| H Xu | 2017 | BYHWT:85 SOC:85 |
92/78 | BYHWT:65.33 SOC:65.16 |
BYHWT:100 mL Twice/day |
ADL; NIHSS |
| XH Li | 2024 | BYHWT:52 SOC:52 |
65/39 | BYHWT:68.04 SOC:67.90 |
BYHWT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| AX Xu | 2017 | BYHWT:30 SOC:30 |
35/25 | BYHWT:64.41 SOC:64.28 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| LF Li | 2022 | BYHWT:30 SOC:30 |
33/27 | BYHWT:63.9 SOC:63.5 |
BYHWT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| PY Guo | 2018 | BYHWT:60 SOC:60 |
83/37 | BYHWT:36.82 SOC:37.14 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| BJ Sheng | 2023 | BYHWT:48 SOC:48 |
60/36 | BYHWT:60.11 SOC:58.92 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| HT Mo | 2016 | BYHWT:43 SOC:43 |
45/41 | BYHWT:61.25 SOC:61.30 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| WQ Chen | 2021 | BYHWT:46 SOC:46 |
60/32 | BYHWT:42.98 SOC:41.53 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| T Liu | 2018 | BYHWT:80 SOC:80 |
85/75 | BYHWT:61.2 SOC:60.6 |
BYHWT:400 g Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| ZY Shi | 2018 | BYHWT:90 SOC:90 |
95/85 | BYHWT:61.57 SOC:60.76 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
ADL; NIHSS |
| C Zhang | 2020 | BYHWT:55 SOC:55 |
61/49 | BYHWT:68.01 SOC:67.31 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| P Li | 2020 | BYHWT:40 SOC:40 |
45/35 | BYHWT:56.48 SOC:56.57 |
BYHWT:150 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| TM Li | 2018 | BYHWT:34 SOC:35 |
41/28 | BYHWT:69.67 SOC:69.22 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| QZ Lu | 2018 | BYHWT:39 SOC:39 |
45/33 | BYHWT:58.97 SOC:59.67 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| Z Wang | 2022 | BYHWT:43 SOC:43 |
45/41 | BYHWT:60.9 SOC:58.3 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| W Huang | 2019 | BYHWT:38 SOC:38 |
52/24 | BYHWT:68.0 SOC:67.5 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| F Ma | 2018 | BYHWT:63 SOC:63 |
75/51 | BYHWT:67.86 SOC:68.37 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| FF Zhong | 2021 | BYHWT:360 SOC:360 |
388/332 | BYHWT:67.86 SOC:68.38 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| HS Li | 2016 | BYHWT:43 SOC:42 |
48/37 | BYHWT:55.17 SOC:53.96 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| ZY Xu | 2020 | BYHWT:53 SOC:53 |
79/27 | BYHWT:64.15 SOC:63.98 |
BYHWT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| CH Yin | 2012 | BYHWT:38 SOC:38 |
42/34 | BYHWT:56.2 SOC:53.5 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| YH Li | 2013 | BYHWT:48 SOC:48 |
62/34 | BYHWT:60.53 SOC:60.67 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| GP Zheng | 2014 | BYHWT:40 SOC:40 |
44/36 | BYHWT:62.93 SOC:64.50 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| TH Zhang | 2023 | BYHWT:60 SOC:60 |
78/42 | BYHWT:65.27 SOC:69.43 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| HS Huang | 2022 | BYHWT:50 SOC:50 |
55/45 | BYHWT:58.01 SOC:58.37 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| AL Chen | 2018 | BYHWT:100 SOC:100 |
121/79 | BYHWT:67.55 SOC:66.74 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| ZQ Huang | 2022 | BYHWT:40 SOC:40 |
44/36 | BYHWT:63.37 SOC:63.27 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| TJ Liang | 2012 | BYHWT:46 SOC:46 |
56/36 | BYHWT:62.1 SOC:59.6 |
BYHWT:250 mL Twice/day |
BI |
| WC Wang | 2020 | BYHWT:32 SOC:32 |
41/23 | BYHWT:59.5 SOC:59.0 |
BYHWT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| ML Chen | 2022 | BYHWT:45 SOC:45 |
47/43 | BYHWT:56.89 SOC:56.71 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| Q Liu | 2023 | BYHWT:31 SOC:30 |
36/26 | BYHWT:62.63 SOC:62.35 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| JP Yang | 2023 | BYHWT:41 SOC:41 |
46/36 | BYHWT:69.04 SOC:68.71 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| XH Tan | 2014 | BYHWT:50 SOC:50 |
63/37 | BYHWT:64.3 SOC:62.1 |
BYHWT: Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| CF Guan | 2008 | BYHWT:44 SOC:43 |
48/39 | BYHWT:62.17 SOC:62.89 |
BYHWT: Once/day |
NIHSS |
| XY Zhong | 2020 | HTTLT:45 SOC:45 |
53/37 | HTTLT:63.18 SOC:62.35 |
BYHWT:200 mL Twice/day |
BI |
| F Tan | 2013 | HTTLT:33 SOC:32 |
37/28 | HTTLT:56.3 SOC:58.7 |
HTTLT: Twice/day |
BI |
| ZY Pan | 2020 | HTTLT:46 SOC:46 |
49/43 | HTTLT:60.14 SOC:59.67 |
HTTLT:300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; ADL |
| XQ Xu | 2019 | HTTLT:63 SOC:57 |
77/43 | HTTLT:66.70 SOC:66.30 |
HTTLT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| SY Li | 2020 | HTTLT:51 SOC:50 |
60/41 | HTTLT:52.91 SOC:52.67 |
HTTLT:200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| QY Zhou | 2021 | HTTLT:30 SOC:30 |
38/22 | HTTLT:62.8 SOC:62.4 |
HTTLT:400 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| QS Su | 2018 | HTTLT:40 SOC:40 |
49/31 | HTTLT:65.12 SOC:64.58 |
HTTLT:100 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| SN Zou | 2019 | HTTLT:31 SOC:31 |
33/29 | HTTLT:66.59 SOC:65.96 |
HTTLT:200 mL Twice/day |
BI |
| ZJ Zhuang | 2022 | HTTLT:30 SOC:30 |
36/24 | HTTLT:64.10 SOC:67.10 |
HTTLT:400 mL, Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| YP Fu | 2018 | YQHXTLT:60 SOC:60 |
74/46 | YQHXTLT:62.1 SOC:60.2 |
YQHXTLT:400 mL Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| CM Deng | 2018 | YQHXTLT:40 SOC:40 |
38/42 | YQHXTLT:56.4 SOC:55.4 |
YQHXTLT: Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| XQ Lu | 2019 | YQHXTLT:48 SOC:48 |
49/47 | YQHXTLT:62.34 SOC:63.12 |
YQHXTLT:400 mL Twice/day |
BI |
| SP Zhou | 2019 | YQHXTLT:65 SOC:65 |
77/53 | YQHXTLT:66.6 SOC:68.6 |
YQHXTLT: Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| H Li | 2018 | YQHXTLF:39 SOC:39 |
45/33 | YQHXTLF:63.09 SOC:63.52 |
YQHXTLF: 500 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| XM Guo | 2018 | YQHXTLT:40 SOC:40 |
42/38 | YQHXTLT:60.94 SOC:62.11 |
YQHXTLT: 200 mL Twice/day |
ADL |
| CX Zhao | 2022 | YQHXT:52 SOC:52 |
61/43 | YQHXT:62.50 SOC:63.30 |
YQHXT: 300 mL Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| HT Li | 2021 | YQHXT:40 SOC:40 |
47/33 | YQHXT:64.18 SOC:63.72 |
YQHXT: Twice/day |
BI; NIHSS |
| SG Sun | 2015 | YQHXT:45 SOC:40 |
49/36 | YQHXT:63.1 SOC:62.5 |
YQHXT: 200 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| JF Xiao | 2020 | YQHXT:48 SOC:48 |
53/43 | YQHXT:68.93 SOC:69.02 |
YQHXT: 150 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS |
| ZH Guo | 2018 | YQHXT:49 SOC:49 |
57/41 | YQHXT:58.84 SOC:59.02 |
YQHXT: 300 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
| F Yang | 2020 | YQHXT:51 SOC:51 |
52/50 | YQHXT:64.29 SOC:64.35 |
YQHXT: 220 mL Twice/day |
NIHSS; BI |
M/F, Male/Female; BI, barthel index; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale; ADL, activity of daily living scale; SOC, standard of care; XLCQT, xinglou chengqi decoction; SQTLF, shenqi tongluo decoction; ZFJXT, zhongfeng jiuxian decoction; TQHXT, tongqiao huoxue tang or tongqiao huoxue decoction; TLXFT, tongluo xifeng decoction; TLFZT, tongluo fuzheng decoction; XFZYT, xuefu zhuyu decoction; XXMT, xiaoxuming decoction; QFHYXXTLF, dispelling pathogenic wind and expelling blood stasis for promoting blood circulation and dredging collateral prescription or Qufeng Xingxue Tongluo Formula; BXBZTMT, banxia baizhu tianma decoction; BYHWT, buyang huanwu tang or buyang huanwu decoction; HTTLT, huatan tongluo decoction; YQHXTLT, yiqi huoxue tongluo decoction; YQHXT, yiqi huoxue decoction.