Figure 1. Increased astrocyte production during neuronal differentiation in OCRL-deficient and Lowe syndrome iPSCs.

(a and b) Lowe syndrome iPSCs and OCRL knockout iPSCs stained with OCRL (red) and Nanong; OCT4 (green) antibodies. DNA stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars are as indicated. (c) Design of lentiviral vectors to induce Ngn2-mediated conversion of iPSCs to neuronal (iN) cells. (d and e) Lowe syndrome iPSCs and OCRL knockout iPSCs stained with GFAP (red) antibodies and expressed Ngn2-EGAP. DNA stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars are as indicated. (f) Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) validation of FOXG1 and NEUN in iN cells. RT-PCR was repeated three times with different batches. Gene expression values are normalized to GAPDH (g) Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) validation of BRN2 and GFAP in iN cells. RT-PCR was repeated three times with different batches. Gene expression values are normalized to GAPDH. The bars in each graph represent mean ± SD. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t-test, with exact p-values reported.