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. 2024 Nov 11;19:11767–11788. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S496028

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© 2024 Jeong et al.

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The mechanism of cancer sono-immunotherapy involves two key processes: (i) sonosensitizer-mediated SDT, which induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs); and (ii) immune-oncology drug-mediated remodeling of the tumor immune environment (TIEM), including dendritic cell (DC) maturation, activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), polarization of M1 macrophages (M1-Macs), and suppression of regulatory T cells (Tregs).