Fig. 4.

PANoptosis processes involving ZBP1 and its complexes. PANoptosis is a regulated form of cell death triggered by specific signals, exhibiting key features of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, but none of these can characterize it alone. A large protein complex (PANoptosome), comprising sensors, adaptors, and catalytic effectors, assembles via interacting domains to initiate PANoptosis. Abbreviations: ASC: apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with a caspase recruitment domain; CASP: caspase; FADD: Fas-associated death domain-containing protein; MLKL: mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3; RIPK: receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase; ZBP1: Z-DNA binding protein 1