| Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) |
| Complete response (%) |
•Bortezomib or combinations of bortezomib in different concentrations [[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45]] •6 cycles of dtZ regimen three times a week [46] •Vincristine–cyclophosphamide–melphalan or mitoxantrone–prednisone in combination with thalidomide [25] •A salvage regimen of oral cyclophosphamide at 50 mg/day and oral prednisone at 15 mg/day was used [47] •Hydroxyurea, cytarabine, busulfan, cyclophosphamide, and semustine. Prophylaxis–cyclosporin, until 6 months after transplantation [26] |
3.33–72.7
18
19.73
66.7
72.7 |
| Partial response (%) |
•Bortezomib or combinations of bortezomib [[36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], [42]] •G-CSF 5, antimicrobial prophylaxis, and ASCT (with maintenance therapy for 2 years) [31] •Oral cyclophosphamide and oral prednisone [47] •6 cycles of dtZ regimen three times a week [46] •Cyclophosphamide, melphalan or mitoxantrone, and prednisone in combination with thalidomide [25] |
2.6–66.7
12
66.7
36.4
16.7 |
| Progression-free survival (months) |
•Thalidomide and dexamethasone regimen [31] •Growth factors G-CSF 5 μg/kg before ASCT. Antimicrobial (sulfamethoxazole, acyclovir, fluconazole, and trimethoprim) prophylaxis after ASCT [32] |
9.63
73.8 |
| Overall survival (months) |
•Traditional chemotherapy (different combinations of vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cisplatin, and melphalan) and new drugs (bortezomib and carfilzomib, as well as immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide). ASCT was performed after the innovative agent-based regimens. The study participants also had severe RI [48] •ASCT (7 months median time from diagnosis to transplant). Growth factors G-CSF 5 μg/kg. Antimicrobial agents (sulfamethoxazole, acyclovir, fluconazole, and trimethoprim), prophylaxis after ASCT [31] |
17
128.3 |
| Relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/RMM) |
| Complete response (%) |
•Continuous low-dose oral cyclophosphamide–prednisone administration [27] •Ixazomib plus lenalidomide–dexamethasone [49] •Carfilzomib and dexamethasone [50] •Low-dose lenalidomide and dexamethasone combination treatment [51] •PAD regimen [52] •Carfilzomib–dexamethasone–daratumumab [53] •Long-term thalidomide [54] •3-weekly daratumumab–lenalidomide [34] •ASCT [55] •CAR-T-cell therapy [[56], [57], [58], [59], [60], [61]] |
3.7
5
6.5
12.5
24
45.7
50
54
44
57–86 |
| Partial response (%) |
•Three daily doses of fludarabine and one dose of cyclophosphamide before CAR-T-cell infusion. Humanized anti-CD19 CAR-T cells and anti-BCMA CAR-T cells were infused [58] •LCAR-B38M CAR-T cells were injected in three separate infusions [56] •3-weekly Dara-IMiD-dex regimen [34] •Long-term, high-dose thalidomide [54] •Carfilzomib and dexamethasone [50] •PAD regimen [52] •Combination of low-dose lenalidomide with dexamethasone [51] •Oral cyclophosphamide–prednisone at low doses [27] •Ixazomib plus lenalidomide–dexamethasone [49] |
14
14
15.4
17
17.9
33
34
48
51 |
| Progression-free survival (months) |
|
5.5
54.7 |
| Overall survival (months) |
•The study employed a 3-weekly dara-IMiD-dex regimen [34] -
•
The OS rate was high in research that used HDT followed by ASCT. Patients who had better treatment responses before ASCT had better PFS and OS than those who did not [35]
|
10
70.4 |
