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. 2024 Sep 27;10:178. doi: 10.1038/s41531-024-00789-w

Table 3.

Baseline staging of NSD participants in the PPMI, PASADENA, and SPARK studies

PPMI (cohort at enrollment) PASADENA SPARK
Variable Sporadic PD (N = 507) LRRK2 PD (N = 87) GBA PD (N = 56) SNCA PD (N = 9) PRKN PD (N = 2) RBD (N = 61) Hyposmia (N = 40) LRRK2 NMC (N = 12) GBA NMC (N = 11) SNCA NMC (N = 3) HC (N = 15) Early PD (N = 61) Early PD (N = 110)
Stage, n (%)
0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 3 (100%) N/A NA NA
1A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (25%) 4 (36%) 0 6 (40%) 0 0
1B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (25%) 0 0 0 0 0
2A 2 (<1%) 0 0 0 0 19 (31%) 10 (25%) 4 (33%) 6 (55%) 0 8 (53%) 0 14 (13%)
2B 126 (25%) 10 (11%) 7 (13%) 1 (11%) 1 (50%) 30 (49%) 25 (63%) 2 (17%) 0 0 1 (7%) 16 (26%) 28 (25%)
3 328 (65%) 53 (61%) 33 (59%) 3 (33%) 1 (50%) 5 (8%) 4 (10%) 0 1 (9%) 0 0 40 (66%) 61 (55%)
4 50 (10%) 22 (25%) 15 (27%) 4 (44%) 0 6 (10%) 1 (3%) 0 0 0 0 5 (8%) 7 (6%)
5 1 (<1%) 1 (1%) 1 (2%) 1 (11%) 0 1 (2%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 1 (1%) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

HC Healthy controls, NMC non-manifesting carriers, PD Parkinson’s disease, RBD REM sleep behavior disorder.