Table 2.
Association of subtypes in intrinsic capacity decline and age-related outcomes.
| 4-year | 8-year | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR/aHR | 95% CI | P-value | aOR/aHR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Decline in ADL | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.21 | 0.75-1.95 | 0.45 | 1.80 | 1.08-3.02 | 0.03 |
| PCD with depression | 2.61 | 1.81-3.75 | <0.01 | 2.08 | 1.36-3.20 | <0.01 |
| Severe IC decline | 2.26 | 1.46-3.47 | <0.01 | 4.55 | 2.63-7.88 | <0.01 |
| Decline in IADL | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.95 | 1.30-2.93 | <0.01 | 2.23 | 1.31-3.79 | <0.01 |
| PCD with depression | 1.86 | 1.34-2.58 | <0.01 | 3.44 | 2.14-5.54 | <0.01 |
| Severe IC decline | 2.26 | 1.47-3.47 | <0.01 | 3.52 | 1.85-6.72 | <0.01 |
| Reduced mobility performance | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.70 | 1.12-2.58 | 0.01 | 1.70 | 1.02-2.85 | 0.04 |
| PCD with depression | 1.74 | 1.22-2.48 | <0.01 | 2.04 | 1.31-3.18 | <0.01 |
| Severe IC decline | 1.87 | 1.22-2.87 | <0.01 | 2.30 | 1.30-4.07 | <0.01 |
| Cognitive decline | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.21 | 0.80-1.83 | 0.36 | 1.39 | 0.84-2.29 | 0.20 |
| PCD with depression | 1.19 | 0.86-1.65 | 0.39 | 1.45 | 0.96-2.18 | 0.08 |
| Severe IC decline | 2.04 | 1.31-3.17 | <0.01 | 1.94 | 1.07-3.50 | 0.03 |
| Fall | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.00 | 0.65-1.53 | 0.99 | 1.09 | 0.66-1.79 | 0.75 |
| PCD with depression | 1.63 | 1.18-2.25 | <0.01 | 0.90 | 0.60-1.36 | 0.62 |
| Severe IC decline | 1.42 | 0.97-2.08 | 0.07 | 1.12 | 0.66-1.90 | 0.67 |
| Reduced quality of life | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 2.53 | 1.66-3.87 | <0.01 | 3.46 | 2.01-5.96 | <0.01 |
| PCD with depression | 1.63 | 1.16-2.29 | <0.01 | 1.94 | 1.25-3.02 | <0.01 |
| Severe IC decline | 2.14 | 1.42-3.23 | <0.01 | 5.45 | 3.00-9.91 | <0.01 |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Robust with mild decline | ref | - | - | ref | - | - |
| Hearing loss with cognitive decline | 1.30 | 0.90-1.88 | 0.16 | 1.01 | 0.80-1.28 | 0.93 |
| PCD with depression | 1.67 | 1.22-2.29 | <0.01 | 1.58 | 1.31-1.91 | <0.01 |
| Severe IC decline | 2.36 | 1.70-3.28 | <0.01 | 1.98 | 1.61-2.44 | <0.01 |
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; PCD, physio-cognitive decline; OR, odds ratio; HR, hazards ratio; CI, confidence interval OR for decline in ADL, decline in IADL, reduced mobility performance, cognitive decline, fall, reduced quality of life; HR for mortality. Adjust for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol use, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke, cancer, COPD or asthma, arthritis, gastric ulcer, hepatobiliary disease, cataract, chronic kidney disease, multimorbidity, and baseline assessment (except for mortality and fall).