Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Nov 20;15(6):2417–2452. doi: 10.14336/AD.2023.1115

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright: © 2024 Zhang et al.

this is an open access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 6. — Changes in bone nerves, bone vessels, bone fat, and lymph-vessels are caused by aging. Neuropeptides, such as calcitonin gene-related peptides and vasoactive intestinal peptides, promoted human osteoblast differentiation and inhibited osteoclast formation. SP stimulated osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix mineralization, and induced BMSCs proliferation. The H-type blood vessel density of bone vessels decreased, and the vascular structure was damaged. The increase of PPARγ, miR-188, glycoprotein, and synthin-3 led to the differentiation of BMSCs into adipocytes and a large increase in bone marrow fat. The increase of P16 and P27 and the decrease of Ki67 and Vegfr3 resulted in the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation.