Figure 8.

Treatment of osteoporosis caused by aging. The treatment of osteoporosis mainly involved the following aspects: through drug treatment, such as bisphosphonates, flavonoids, teriparatide, strontium, eucommia ulmoides, epimedium, liuwei dihuang pills, salidroside, etc. Exercise therapy, such as resistance exercise, strength training, high intensity exercise, flexibility, and balance exercise. Stem cell transplantation treatments, such as ADSCs, dental pulp stem cells, UCMSCs, and vesicles derived from normal skeletal muscle. The treatment of bioactive materials involved 3D printing biomimetic scaffolds and nanometer materials. Treatment also included nutritional and hormonal supplements, such as vitamin D3.