Table 1.
The demographic data, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data of patients with and without biochemical recurrence
| Parameter | Overall (n=516), n (%) | BCR present (n=234; 45.3%), n (%) | BCR absent (n=282; 54.6%), n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 66 (30–83) | 66 (45–83) | 64 (30–78) | 0.28 |
| Mean BMI | 26.6±4.2 | 26.4±4.6 | 26.4±7.3 | 0.31 |
| Hypertension | 331 (64.14) | 149 (63.7) | 182 (64.5) | 0.83 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 156 (30.23) | 79 (33.8) | 77 (27.3) | 0.11 |
| Other comorbidities | 86 (35.09) | 38 (16.2) | 48 (17) | 0.39 |
| Previous history of TURP | 23 (4) | 10 (4.3) | 13 (4.6) | 0.85 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 4 (2–10) | 5 (2–10) | 4 (2–10) | |
| Mean preoperative PSA | 21.6±25 | 29.3±32.1 | 15.2±14.3 | <0.001 |
| Clinical stage | ||||
| cT1b | 11 (2) | 5 (2.1) | 6 (2.1) | <0.001 |
| cT1c | 210 (40.6) | 68 (29) | 142 (50.4) | |
| cT2a | 71 (13.7) | 36 (15.3) | 35 (12.4) | |
| cT2b | 121 (23.4) | 69 (29.4) | 52 (18.4) | |
| cT2c | 88 (17) | 51 (21.7) | 37 (13.1) | |
| cT3 | 3 (0.5) | 3 (1.3) | 0 | |
| NCCN risk groups | ||||
| Very low | 8 (1.5) | 0 | 8 (2.8) | <0.001 |
| Low | 38 (7.3) | 8.(3.4) | 30 (10.7) | |
| Favorable intermediate | 96 (18.6) | 21 (8.9) | 75 (26.7) | |
| Unfavorable intermediate | 109 (21.12) | 34 (14.5) | 75 (26.7) | |
| High | 238 (46.12) | 152 (64.9) | 86 (30.6) | |
| Very high | 26 (5) | 26 (11.1) | 7 (2.5) | |
| MRI staging | ||||
| Organ confined | 360 (69.7) | 135 (57.5) | 225 (80.1) | <0.001 |
| Extraprostatic extension | 75 (14.5) | 40 (17.1) | 35 (12.5) | |
| Seminal vesicle involvement | 52 (10) | 37 (15.8) | 15 (5.3) | |
| LN enlargement >1 cm | 20 (3.8) | 15 (6.4) | 5 (1.8) | |
| TRUS biopsy Gleason grade group | 2 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–5) | <0.001 |
| Mean maximum core involvement (%) | 60.4±35.4 | 57.2±32.4 | 54.9±41.2 | 0.04 |
| Lymphadenectomy | ||||
| Not done | 23 (4.4) | 5 (2.1) | 18 (6.4) | <0.001 |
| Standard PLND | 463 (89.7) | 224 (95.7) | 239 (84.8) | |
| Extended PLND | 30 (5.8) | 5 (2.1) | 25 (8.9) | |
| Nerve-sparing | ||||
| None | 130 (25.2) | 83 (35.5) | 47 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Partial sparing | 282 (54.6) | 115 (49.1) | 167 (59.4) | |
| B/L standard nerve-sparing | 101 (19.5) | 35 (15) | 66 (23.5) | |
| Mean tumor volume in final biopsy (%) | 28.85±20.07 | 37.20±23.08 | 21.3±13.1 | <0.001 |
| Number of positive LN | 0 (0–15) | 0 (0–15) | 0 (0–12) | 0.03 |
| Number of LN removed | 17 (1–64) | 17 (12–23) | 17 (1–40) | 0.02 |
| ISUP pathological grade | ||||
| 1 | 68 (13.1) | 9 (3.8) | 59 (20.9) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 179 (34.6) | 53 (22.6) | 126 (44.7) | |
| 3 | 111 (21.5) | 58 (24.8) | 53 (18.8) | |
| 4 | 110 (21.3) | 75 (32.1) | 35 (12.4) | |
| 5 | 46 (8.9) | 39 (16.7) | 7 (2.5) | |
| Extracapsular extension in LN | 18 (3.4) | 15 (6.4) | 3 (1) | 0.004 |
| Pathological stage | ||||
| T2a | 103 (19.9) | 18 (7.7) | 88 (31.2) | <0.001 |
| T2b | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) | |
| T2c | 91 (17.6) | 26 (11.1) | 65 (23) | |
| T3a | 140 (27.1) | 65 (27.8) | 75 (26.6) | |
| T3b | 177 (34.3) | 124 (53) | 53 (18.8) | |
| Margins | ||||
| Negative | 347 (67.2) | 119 (50.9) | 228 (81.1) | <0.001 |
| Single focus on positive margin | 96 (18.6) | 61 (26.1) | 35 (12.5) | |
| Multifocal positive margin | 70 (13.5) | 54 (23.1) | 16 (5.7) | |
| Follow-up (months) | 24 (12–132) | 36 (12–132) | 24 (12–120) | |
| Mean time to BCR (months) | 12.23±15.58 | NA |
Data are presented in median and range or mean±SD wherever applicable. NA=Not applicable, SD=Standard deviation, BMI=Body mass index, BCR=Biochemical recurrence, ISUP=International Society of Urological Pathology, TRUS=Transrectal ultrasound, NCCN=National Comprehensive Cancer Network, PSA=Prostate-specific antigen, LN=Lymph node, PLND=Pelvic LN dissection, MRI=Magnetic resonance imaging, TURP=Transurethral resection of Prostate; B/L=Bilateral