Fig. 5.
Multiple mechanisms account for the accumulation Tph cells in the joint of RA. (A) Experimental system for the chemotaxis assay. (B) The frequency of PD-1high CTVlow IL-7-Tph cells migrated toward wells with or without RA SF (n = 5). (C) Representative dot plots showing the development of IL-7-Tph cells with or without RASF. (D) The frequency of PD-1high CTVlow IL-7-Tph cells induced with or without RA SF (n = 6). (E) Representative dot plots showing the expression of CXCL13 and IL-21 in the IL-7-Tph cells induced with RASF after stimulation. (F) PCA analysis on the gene expression of IL-7-Tph cells with or without RA SF, RA-Tph, and naive CD4 T cells (n = 3). (G) Representative dot plots showing the presence and absence of PD-1highCXCR5- Tph cells in RA and OA joints, respectively. (H) Representative dot plots showing the development of IL-7-Tph cells from CD4 T cells in OA joints. Right panels show the expression of CXCL13 and IL-21 in PD-1high CTVlow cells after stimulation.