Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants from the Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study stratified by waves of follow-up examination. Values are numbers (percentages) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | Wave 0 (year 1992) |
Wave 1 (year 2002) |
Wave 2 (year 2007) |
Wave 3 (year 2012) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total no. of participants | 5735 | 2011 | 5353 | 1739 |
| Age at entry, years (SD) | 46.6 (7.7) | 46.8 (8.0) | 46.3 (7.6) | 46.2 (7.9) |
| Age at examination, years (SD) | 46.9 (7.7) | 57.2 (7.9) | 61.8 (7.5) | 67.0 (7.8) |
| Sex women | 3477 (61%) | 1181 (59%) | 2797 (52%) | 1042 (60%) |
| Attained education | ||||
| College or above | 901 (16%) | 368 (35%) | 1086 (26%) | 333 (36%) |
| Junior college or less | 4834 (84%) | 697 (65%) | 3086 (74%) | 590 (64%) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Manual labor | 3905 (68%) | 1041 (52%) | 2415 (45%) | 908 (52%) |
| Non-manual labor | 1830 (32%) | 970 (48%) | 2938 (55%) | 831 (48%) |
| Current smoker | 1389 (24%) | 240 (12%) | 959 (18%) | 145 (8.3%) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 23.9 (3.1) | 25.4 (3.3) | 24.8 (3.4) | 24.7 (3.3) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD) | 122.2 (18.8) | 130.8 (18.8) | 139.0 (20.5) | 136.8 (16.3) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg (SD) | 79.5 (11.7) | 81.9 (10.3) | 83.3 (10.8) | 79.2 (9.3) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L (SD) | 4.6 (0.9) | 5.4 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.0) | 5.3 (1.0) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L (SD) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L (SD) | 2.7 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.8) | 3.3 (0.9) | 3.1 (0.8) |
| Triglyceridemic, mmol/L (Median, IQR) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) |
| Non-HDL-C, mmol/L (SD) | 3.3 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.0) | 3.8 (0.9) | 4.0 (1.0) |
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L (SD) | 3.6 (1.7) | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.5 (1.4) | 5.6 (1.2) |
| Diabetes | 114 (2.0%) | 211 (10%) | 763 (14%) | 308 (18%) |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 286 (5.0%) | 463 (23%) | 1576 (29%) | 1095 (63%) |
| Cholesterol-lowering drugs | 78 (1.4%) | 137 (6.8%) | 320 (6.0%) | 784 (45%) |
| Cardiovascular risk stratificationa | ||||
| Low | 4665 (81.3%) | 1084 (54%) | 2266 (42%) | 422 (24%) |
| Intermediate | 569 (9.9%) | 478 (24%) | 1648 (31%) | 818 (47%) |
| High | 511 (8.9%) | 449 (22%) | 1439 (27%) | 499 (29%) |
Note: a The cardiovascular risk stratification was assessed following the ASCVD and CVD risk algorithms recommended by the Chinese guideline for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, in which the 10-year risk stratification of total cardiovascular risk is the same as the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in most cases. Beirfly, a 3-step evaluation procedure was employed: (1) participants with diabetes (aged40 years) or LDL-C4.9 mmol/L (or total cholesterol [TC]7.2 mmol/L) were directly classified at high risk; (2) participants who do not meet procedure (1), sex-spexific 10-year ASCVD risk assessment algorithms, including LDL-C or TC levels, hypertension, smoking status, HDL-C, and age 45/55 years (male/female), were used, based on which 10-year ASCVD risk 5%, 5% − 9%, and 10% were defined as low, intermediate, and high risk, respectively; (3) for those intermediate-risk participants aged 55 years, the lifetime risk of cardivascular disease were assessed, in which participants with 2 following risk factors are defined at high risk: a) systolic blood pressure 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 100 mmHg; b) non-HDL-C 5.2 mmol/L (200 mg/dL); c) HDL-C 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL); d) body mass index (BMI) 28 kg/m2; and e) smoking.