Table 2.

Risk factors associated with the development of AKI.

Parameters	Adjusted odds ratio	95%C.I.	p value
Sodium	1.020	0.996, 1.044	0.105
Chloride	1.060	1.032, 1.089	< 0.001
Potassium	0.935	0.742,1.180	0.571
Invasive mechanical ventilation	2.583	1.708,3.905	< 0.001
PEEP (Invasive/Noninvasive)	1.126	1.021, 1.242	0.018
Medications
Steroids	0.731	0.484,1.103	0.136
Colistin	1.980	1.226,3.195	0.005
Piperacillin + Tazobactum	1.120	0.775,1.619	0.547
Vancomycin	0.954	0.603,1.511	0.843
Meropenem	1.119	0.763,1.641	0.563
Acyclovir	1.363	0.624,2.976	0437
Oseltamavir	0.990	0.337,2.908	0.986
Levipril	1.059	0.741,1.514	0.751
Pantoprazole	0.630	0.459,0.864	0.004
Paracetamol	0.887	0.577,1.363	0.585
3%saline	0.923	0.545, 1.564	0.765
Mannitol	0.691	0.431,1.109	0.126
Amikacin	0.462	0.180,1.178	0.106
Heparin	1.178	0.746,1.864	0.481
LMWH	0.523	0.303,0.904	0.020
Sedation	1.708	1.232,2.369	0.001
Fentanyl	1.788	1.289,2.480	< 0.001
Midazolam	0.106	0.013,0.819	0.031
Morphine	3.168	0.946,10.607	0.061
Propofol	0.858	0.287,2.567	0.785
Dexmedetomedine	1.921	1.021,3.612	0.043
Shock	1.113	0.713, 1.737	0.636
Balance	1.050	1.019, 1.082	0.001
Furosemide	0.120	0.016, 0.905	0.040

Adjusted for age, gender, presence of DM and APACHE –II, C.I. Confidence interval.

LMWH- Low molecular weight heparin, MV Mechanical ventilation, NIV Noninvasive ventilation, PEEP Positive end expiratory pressure.