Table 4.

Mediation effect test between proactive personality and online learning engagement.

	Effect	SE	BootLLCI	BootULCI
Direct effect	0.414	0.029	0.356	0.472
Total indirect effect	0.357	0.027	0.304	0.412
Pathway 1 (PP - PE - OLE)	0.153	0.025	0.106	0.205
Path 2 (PP- LM- OLE)	0.142	0.019	0.107	0.180
Pathway 3 (PP - PE - LM- OLE)	0.061	0.012	0.040	0.085

PP = proactive personality; OLE = Online learning engagement; LM = Learning motivation; AP = active personality; PE = positive emotions.