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. 2024 Nov 7;2024(4):hoae064. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoae064

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — RAGE expression in human spermatozoa is associated with the immotile sperm population. (a and b) Proportion of (a) PR sperm and (b) sperm with RAGE expression in neat washed, direct swim-up and DGC purified semen samples, n = 15; % mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA; ****P < 0.0001. (c) Representative flow cytometry data showing RAGE expression in neat washed, direct swim-up and DGC semen samples. (d) Correlation between total immotile sperm fraction and RAGE expressing sperm in washed semen samples, n = 35, error bars within 95% CI shown by dashed line. ****P < 0.0001. PR, progressively motile sperm; GC, gradient centrifugation; DGC, differential gradient centrifugation; PR, progressively motile sperm.