Skip to main content
. 2024 Jun 12;210(10):1230–1242. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202401-0145OC

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Associations between BAL Aspergillus culture results and bacterial α diversity indices, viral load, and bacterial load. (A) Boxplots showing Shannon and Simpson diversity indices in BAL fluid stratified for positive or negative Aspergillus culture results in the same sample in patients with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) and patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). P values obtained by Mann-Whitney U test are shown. (B) Study design and number of included patients in the BAL viral and bacterial load study. Figure created with aid of Biorender.com. (C) Boxplots showing the association between BAL bacterial culture, PCR or oral flora (through direct microscopy or culture) results, and 16S rRNA gene cycling threshold (Ct) value on the same BAL sample. Lower Ct value indicates higher bacterial load. P values obtained by Mann-Whitney U test are shown. (D) Boxplots showing the association between BAL viral load (represented as normalized viral log10 copies/ml) for influenza A, influenza B, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and underlying disease. P values obtained by a generalized linear model correcting for time between ICU admission and BAL sampling are shown. (E) Boxplots showing the association between BAL bacterial load and underlying disease. Lower Ct value indicates higher bacterial load. P values obtained by Mann-Whitney U test are shown. (F) Boxplots showing the association between BAL viral load (represented as normalized viral log10 copies/ml) for influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 and underlying BAL Aspergillus culture positivity in patients with IAPA and CAPA. P values obtained by a generalized linear model correcting for time between ICU admission and BAL sampling are shown, except (*) for influenza B, where a P value obtained by Mann-Whitney U test is shown. (G) Boxplots showing the association between bacterial load and underlying BAL Aspergillus culture positivity in patients with IAPA and CAPA. Lower Ct value indicates higher bacterial load. P values obtained by Mann-Whitney U test are shown.