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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 16.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2017 Jul 5;40(8):481–493. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.001

Figure 1. Illustration of the Many Afferent and Efferent Connections of the Lateral Habenula (LHb).

Figure 1

The structures shaded dark green (prefrontal cortex, PFC; entopeduncular nucleus, EPN; suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN; vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca, vDBB; and the lateral preoptic area, LPO) comprise major inputs of sensory, response, and internal state information to both medial (red) and lateral (blue) sectors of the LHb. The lateral hypothalamus (LH) also provides strong input regarding internal state and motivation, but primarily to the medial LHb. The medial and lateral LHb have overlapping and separate projections to mostly midbrain regions (ventral tegmental area, VTA; rostromedial tegmentum, RMTg; median raphe, MnR; dorsal raphe, DR; interpeduncular nucleus, IPN; and the periacqueductal grey, PAG). Of these, the MnR and IPN provide direct feedback to the hippocampus, which in turn directly connects with PFC, thereby completing the information loop across the hippocampus, PFC, and the LHb.