Table 4.

Pros and evidence gaps of combination therapy

Pros	Evidence gaps
Multifactorial favorable effects on cardiometabolic parameters, including glycemia, body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profiles Additive/synergetic cardiovascular and renal benefits, as inferred from clinical trials and mechanistical insights Complementary mechanism of action on residual cardiovascular and renal risks	Need to identify the suitable patient population who better merit from the combination therapy When and how to implement in the clinical settings Long-term adherence and safety Cost-effectiveness