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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2024 Oct 10;171:107215. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107215

Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants

Characteristic MDD Mean (sd) HC Mean (sd)

Age (years) 39 (10) 37 (13)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) 25 (4) 25 (4)
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Total 13 (4) 1 (1)
Beck Depression Inventory Total 27 (8) 1 (2)
Brief Symptom Inventory Depression Total 2 (1) 0 (0)
Brief Symptom Inventory Anxiety Total 1 (1) 0 (0)
Beck Anxiety Inventory Total 17 (9) 3 (6)
Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale Total 147 (35) 95 (20)
IGF-1 (ng/mL)
Pre-Exercise 210 (53) 226 (51)
Post-Exercise 221 (53) 237 (53)
Sex n (Percentage) n (Percentage)
Male 59 (40) 14 (9)
Female 54 (37) 20 (14)
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Total
Mild (8–16) 86 (63)
Moderate (17+) 17 (12)
Antidepressant Use
SSRI 21(14)
Other 22 (15)
MDD w/no use 70 (48)
Activity Level
Inactive 25 (22)
Minimally Active 64 (57)
HEPA 23 (21)

Note: HAM-D categories based on the 17-item version, n=173 - see exclusionary criteria. HEPA: Health Enhancing Physical Activity. Inactive (0 – 599 MET min/wk), Minimally Active (600 – 2999 MET min/wk), HEPA (3000+ MET min/wk). Activity Level analysis included only individuals with MDD (n=112). All means and standard deviations rounded to the nearest whole number.