Table 2.
Covariates Associated with Cluster Membership
| Attribute | Total Population Mean (SD) or % | Low Mobility Impairment | Moderate Mobility Impairment | High Mobility Impairment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cluster 1 (Normal Functioning) | Cluster 2 (Mild Fatigue) | Cluster 3 (Sensory Symptoms) | Cluster 4 (Somatic Symptoms) | Cluster 5 (Somatic and Cognitive) | Cluster 6 (Severe Disability) | Cluster 7 (Mobility-Specific) | Cluster 8 (Moderate Disability) | Cluster 9 (Physical Symptoms) | ||
| Demographic Variables | ||||||||||
| Age (Years) | 45.6 (12.1) | 42.3 | 44.8 | 44.0 | 45.8 | 45.0 | 47.7 | 54.4 | 53.6 | 51.2 |
| Years since onset | 10.3 (9.9) | 7.25 | 9.51 | 6.30 | 11.34 | 9.87 | 12.7 | 18.0 | 15.9 | 17.4 |
| Years since-Not Available | 21.0% | 19.5% | 20.8% | 25.1% | 24.7% | 25.1% | 21.9% | 17.4% | 13.6% | 20.8% |
| Sex (Male) | 26.7% | 29.9% | 22.6% | 27.0% | 23.2% | 21.6% | 25.0% | 30.5% | 32.1% | 28.9% |
| White American | 86.3% | 87.1% | 88.0% | 88.1% | 86.9% | 86.8% | 77.7% | 82.5% | 86.4% | 81.9% |
| Black American | 10.7% | 9.30% | 9.40% | 8.80% | 11.6% | 10.3% | 17.9% | 14.8% | 11.0% | 14.1% |
| Other Race | 1.50% | 1.80% | 1.40% | 1.90% | 0.80% | 1.30% | 2.00% | 0.50% | 0.80% | 3.30% |
| Race-Not Available | 1.50% | 1.70% | 1.20% | 1.20% | 0.70% | 1.60% | 2.40% | 2.20% | 1.90% | 0.70% |
| ADI National Rank | 57.0 (23.8) | 52.3 | 57.4 | 56.9 | 60.7 | 62.7 | 67.1 | 55.9 | 61.1 | 58.7 |
| ADI-Not Available | 0.30% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.20% | 0.30% | 0.10% | 0.00% | 0.20% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| MS Clinical Course | ||||||||||
| Relapsing-Remitting | 56.1% | 66.1% | 69.5% | 56.8% | 64.6% | 64.3% | 39.7% | 16.8% | 17.8% | 15.6% |
| Progressive | 24.8% | 7.30% | 14.9% | 14.7% | 18.3% | 18.9% | 46.1% | 76.5% | 70.8% | 76.1% |
| CIS | 9.00% | 17.7% | 6.50% | 15.6% | 3.30% | 3.30% | 2.30% | 0.90% | 2.20% | 0.60% |
| Other | 3.50% | 3.30% | 2.70% | 5.90% | 3.60% | 4.70% | 4.20% | 1.40% | 3.60% | 3.90% |
| Not Available | 6.60% | 5.80% | 6.40% | 7.0% | 10.2% | 8.80% | 7.70% | 4.4% | 5.6% | 3.80% |
| Symptoms and Functioning | ||||||||||
| Timed 25-Foot Walk | 7.31 (6.02) | 5.05 | 5.58 | 6.31 | 7.06 | 8.06 | 12.2 | 17.7 | 16.2 | 14.4 |
| Timed 25-Not Available | 47.6% | 38.1% | 48.6% | 37.4% | 47.5% | 47.3% | 65.1% | 59.1% | 71.9% | 68.0% |
| 9-Hole Peg Test | 25.2 (10.8) | 21.0 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 25.1 | 27.0 | 38.6 | 32.3 | 42.1 | 36.6 |
| 9-Hole-Not Available | 66.3% | 61.8% | 66.1% | 64.3% | 68.0% | 66.7% | 73.8% | 68.9% | 76.2% | 77.3% |
| EQ5D | 0.71 (0.21) | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.63 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.68 | 0.49 | 0.53 |
| EQ5D-Not Available | 2.70% | 1.90% | 0.90% | 1.20% | 2.80% | 3.10% | 9.30% | 4.50% | 6.00% | 5.10% |
| PHQ-9 | 7.65 (6.34) | 2.50 | 7.80 | 7.51 | 12.7 | 14.9 | 19.1 | 3.89 | 9.17 | 11.9 |
| PHQ-9-Not Available | 18.3% | 16.5% | 20.1% | 13.7% | 19.3% | 17.0% | 19.8% | 24.2% | 18.5% | 20.2% |
| Health Conditions | ||||||||||
| Hypertension | 9.00% | 6.80% | 7.60% | 7.80% | 12.0% | 10.3% | 10.0% | 16.0% | 10.7% | 7.30% |
| Tobacco - Current | 16.6% | 10.2% | 16.1% | 18.2% | 22.7% | 31.4% | 26.6% | 12.8% | 16.2% | 11.6% |
| Tobacco - Former | 26.5% | 22.6% | 27.1% | 27.9% | 30.0% | 25.3% | 27.4% | 32.8% | 25.9% | 34.4% |
| Tobacco - Never | 41.5% | 51.6% | 41.9% | 40.4% | 35.5% | 28.7% | 24.4% | 39.9% | 39.2% | 32.0% |
| Tobacco - Not Available | 15.4% | 15.6% | 14.9% | 13.5% | 11.8% | 14.6% | 21.6% | 14.6% | 18.7% | 22.0% |
Note: Percentages are reported for dichotomous variables and means are reported for continuous variables. For the overall sample, standard deviations are also reported for continuous variables. ADI=Area deprivation index; MS=Multiple sclerosis; CIS=Clinically isolated syndrome.