Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the included patients according to the development of malignant MCA infarction.
| Total n = 253 | Non-malignant n = 190 (75%) | Malignant n = 63 (25%) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 129 (51) | 98 (51) | 32 (50) | 0.74 |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 75 (62–81) | 75 (62–81) | 75 (64–81) | 0.91 |
| Premorbid mRS, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.22 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 165 (65) | 122 (64) | 43 (68) | 0.55 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 114 (45) | 84 (44) | 30 (47) | 0.63 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 53 (21) | 42 (22) | 11 (17) | 0.43 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 41 (16) | 31 (16) | 10 (15) | 0.93 |
| Ischemic cardiopathy, n (%) | 44 (17) | 31 (16) | 13 (20) | 0.43 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 74 (29) | 56 (29) | 18 (28) | 0.91 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 23 (9) | 17 (8) | 6 (9) | 0.89 |
| Occlusion site | <0.001 | |||
| M1, n (%) | 132 (52) | 105 (55) | 27 (42) | |
| M2, n (%) | 53 (21) | 52 (27) | 1 (1) | |
| ICA, n (%) | 30 (11) | 14 (7) | 16 (25) | |
| Tandem, n (%) | 38 (15) | 19 (10) | 19 (30) | |
| ASPECTS, median (IQR) | 9 (7–10) | 9 (1–10) | 7 (6–8) | 0.001 |
| NIHSS at admission, median (IQR) | 17 (12–21) | 16 (10–20) | 19 (17–22) | 0.001 |
| NIHSS at 24 h, median (IQR) | 11 (5–11) | 7 (3–15) | 21 (18–25) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | <0.001 | |||
| None, n (%) | 24 (9) | 16 (8) | 8 (12) | |
| rtPA, n (%) | 52 (20) | 29 (15) | 23 (36) | |
| MT, n (%) | 73 (28) | 53 (27) | 20 (31) | |
| MT + rtPA, n (%) | 104 (41) | 92 (48) | 12 (19) | |
| TICI | N = 176 | N = 145 | N=31 | 0.001 |
| 0, n (%) | 20 (11) | 12 (8) | 8 (25) | |
| 1, n (%) | 4 (2) | 4 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| 2a, n (%) | 19 (10) | 13 (6) | 6 (19) | |
| 2b, n (%) | 56 (31) | 45 (23) | 11 (35) | |
| 2c–3, n (%) | 77 (43) | 71 (37) | 6 (19) | |
| Time-to-CTP in hours, median (IQR) | 2.98 (1.75–4.78) | 2.94 (1.61–4.76) | 3.18 (1.88–5.46) | 0.40 |
| Basal glycemia (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 122 (106–144) | 118 (101–142) | 127 (114–148) | 0.008 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), median (IQR) | 127 (114–148) | 140 (130–156) | 142 (125–165) | 0.40 |
| Hemorrhagic transformation | 0.001 | |||
| None, n (%) | 170 (67) | 135 (71) | 35 (50) | |
| HI1, n (%) | 14 (5) | 10 (5) | 4 (6) | |
| HI2, n (%) | 19 (7) | 15 (7) | 4 (6) | |
| PH1, n (%) | 17 (6) | 13 (6) | 4 (6) | |
| PH2, n (%) | 11 (4) | 2 (1) | 9 (14) | |
| SAH, n (%) | 20 (7) | 14 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation, n% | 10 (3) | 2 (1) | 8 (4) | <0.001 |
| TOAST | 0.80 | |||
| LAA, n (%) | 41 (16) | 28 (14) | 13 (20) | |
| Cardioembolism, n (%) | 125 (49) | 97 (51) | 28 (44) | |
| Undetermined, n (%) | 70 (27) | 52 (27) | 18 (28) | |
| Other, n (%) | 15 (5) | 11 (5) | 4 (6) | |
| mRS at 90 days, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–4) | 6 (4–6) | <0.001 |
IQR: interquartile range; mRS: modified Rankin scale; M1: M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; M2: M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery; ASPECTS: Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale; rtPA: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; MT: mechanical thrombectomy; TICI: thrombolysis in cerebral infarction scale; CTP: computed tomography perfusion; mg/dL: milligrams per deciliter; mmHg: millimeters of mercury; SD: standard deviation; HI: hemorrhagic infarction; PH: parenchymal hematoma; SAH: subarachnoidal hemorrhage; TOAST: Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; LAA: large-artery atherosclerosis.