Study |
Bias due to confounding |
Bias in the selection of the participants |
Bias in the classification of intervention |
Bias due to deviations from intended interventions |
Bias due to missing data |
Bias in the measurement of outcome |
Bias in the selection of the reported results |
Overall |
Oland et al., 2010 [17] |
Low risk: no confounding factors detected |
Low risk: All participants who have been eligible for the target trial were included in the study |
Low risk: Intervention status is well-defined |
Low risk: No deviations from intended interventions were detected |
Moderate risk: outcome data were not available for all participants. Missing data were not related to the intervention |
Serious risk: No information about outcome assessors blinding and the results may be influenced by knowledge of the intervention received by study participants |
Low risk: pre-defined outcomes mentioned in the methods section seemed to have been reported |
Serious risk |