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. 2024 Nov 17;16(11):e73846. doi: 10.7759/cureus.73846

Table 5. Risk of bias judgments of the included controlled clinical trial.

Study Bias due to confounding Bias in the selection of the participants Bias in the classification of intervention Bias due to deviations from intended interventions Bias due to missing data Bias in the measurement of outcome Bias in the selection of the reported results Overall
Oland et al., 2010 [17] Low risk: no confounding factors detected Low risk: All participants who have been eligible for the target trial were included in the study Low risk: Intervention status is well-defined Low risk: No deviations from intended interventions were detected Moderate risk: outcome data were not available for all participants. Missing data were not related to the intervention Serious risk: No information about outcome assessors blinding and the results may be influenced by knowledge of the intervention received by study participants Low risk: pre-defined outcomes mentioned in the methods section seemed to have been reported Serious risk