Table 3.

Studies evaluating cost and cost-effectiveness.

Surgery type	Study	Proportion of checklist items met	Country	Population	Outcome measure	Results
Cataract	Kruse et al. 2019	0.82	Netherlands	50 000 patients who received cataract care (including academic and tertiary hospitals) from 2013 to 2015. Average age: 72.26 ± 9.77 (private) vs. 73 ± 10.1 (public)	treatment cost	Private facilities costs were 7% lower compared to public facilities (p < .01).
Orthopedic	Karnon et al. 2018	0.91	Australia	Non-urgent patients for total knee replacement surgery to a maximum age of 100 years in Australia. Used data inputs from published sources in a modelling study.	incremental cost-effectiveness ratio	With the purchase of private services, additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) could be gained at an incremental cost of less than 40,000 2016 Australian Dollars.