Figure 4. Ovarian cancer cells invade the tumouroid stroma.

Engineered ACMs consisting of 10% (w/v) collagen and HEY cells embedded within a stromal compartment of the same collagen density and stromal cells (HDF and HUVECs). Representative invasive bodies, fibroblasts, and endothelial structures adjacent to the invasive front of HEY biomimetic tumouroids. Drug treatment with ET-1 (100 nM) and/or macitentan (MAC) (1 µM). HEY cancer cell morphology was assessed using immunofluorescence of CK7 (red) and MMP14 (red) and DAPI (blue), HDF morphology using vimentin (green) and DAPI (blue), and HUVEC morphology using CD31 (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 100 µm.