Fig. 2.

A–B: the risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture and the associated regenerative medicine strategies. The diagram categorizes the risk factors into non-modifiable, modifiable, and drug-induced factors, and outlines different regenerative medicine approaches including cellular therapy, PRP therapy, and gene therapy. This figure enables an understanding of the complex interplay between various risk factors and the emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at improving tendon repair and regeneration.