Table 2.

Regenerative Medicine Approaches: The regenerative medicine approaches highlight the promising therapies available to enhance tendon repair and recovery.

Approach	Mechanism	Effect	References
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)	Differentiation into specific cell lineages, modulating local microenvironment through paracrine/autocrine signals	Promote tendon healing, reduce inflammation, and improve structural integrity.	[189,[223], [224], [225], [226], [227], [228], [229], [230]]
Bone Marrow-Derived MSCs (BM-MSCs)	Anti-inflammatory properties, IL-1Ra secretion, collagen deposition enhancement	Improved biomechanical properties, collagen fiber organization, and early tendon healing.	[189,[231], [232], [233], [234], [235], [236], [237], [238], [239], [240], [241], [242], [243], [244], [245]]
Adipose Tissue-Derived MSCs (AT-MSCs)	Easy isolation, differentiation into multiple cell types, anti-inflammatory properties	Enhance tendon healing and reduce inflammation.	[189,[246], [247], [248], [249], [250], [251], [252], [253], [254], [255], [256], [257], [258], [259], [260]]
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)	Concentrated platelets release growth factors and cytokines	Stimulate healing processes, improve pain, and enhance tendon function.	[189,[261], [262], [263]]
Gene Therapy	Targeting specific genes involved in tendon repair and regeneration	Potential to correct genetic predispositions and enhance tendon healing processes.	[189,264,265]
Scaffold-Based Therapies	Use of biocompatible materials to provide structural support and deliver cells/growth factors	Promote tissue regeneration and structural support for tendon repair.	[189,[266], [267], [268]]