Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to the frequency of nut intake
| Total (N = 9, 916) |
No/Infrequently (n = 4803) 48.4% | Weekly (n = 3978) 40.1% |
Daily (n = 1135) 11.5% |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.002 | ||||
| Female | 5352 (54.0) | 2538 (52.8) | 2149 (54.0) | 655 (58.6) | |
| Male | 4564 (46.0) | 2265 (47.2) | 1829 (46.0) | 470 (41.4) | |
| Age mean (SD) | 77.50 (4.8) | 77.70 (4.1) | 77.30 (4.0) | 77.40 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | ||||
| 70–74.99 | 2860 (28.8) | 1293 (26.9) | 1223 (30.8) | 341 (30.0) | |
| 75–79.99 | 4465 (45.1) | 2190 (45.6) | 1775 (44.6) | 500 (44.1) | |
| 80–84.99 | 1866 (18.8) | 932 (19.4) | 731 (18.4) | 203 (17.9) | |
| 85+ | 725 (7.3) | 338 (8.1) | 246 (6.2) | 91 (8.0) | |
| IRSAD quintilea | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 1572 (15.8) | 869 (18.1) | 563 (14.1) | 140 (12.3) | |
| 2 | 1640 (16.5) | 844 (17.6) | 623 (15.7) | 173 (15.3) | |
| 3 | 1831 (18.5) | 922 (19.2) | 717 (18.0) | 192 (16.9) | |
| 4 | 1943 (19.6) | 928 (19.3) | 791 (19.9) | 224 (19.7) | |
| 5 | 2903 (29.6) | 1240 (25.8) | 1284 (32.3) | 406 (35.8) | |
| Education | <0.001 | ||||
| </= 12 years | 5817 (58.7) | 3109 (64.7) | 2153 (54.1) | 555 (48.9) | |
| > 12 years | 4099 (41.3) | 1694 (35.3) | 1825 (45.9) | 580 (51.1) | |
| Physical Activity | <0.001 | ||||
| Waling = <15 min | 1418 (14.3) | 802(16.7) | 502 (12.6) | 114 (10.0) | |
| Walking >15 min | 8498 (85.7) | 4001 (83.3) | 3476 (87.4) | 1021 (89.0) | |
| Smoking | <0.001 | ||||
| Never | 5636 (56.8) | 2617 (54.5) | 2339 (58.8) | 680 (59.9) | |
| Former | 3991 (40.3) | 2009 (41.8) | 1553 (39.0) | 429 (37.8) | |
| Current | 289 (2.9) | 177 (3.7) | 86 (2.2) | 26 (2.3) | |
| Alcohol | <0.001 | ||||
| Non Drinker | 2536 (25.6) | 1312 (27.3) | 916 (23.0) | 308 (24.2) | |
| Meets Guidelines | 3895(39.3) | 916 (39.4) | 1613 (40.6) | 402 (35.4) | |
| Exceeds Guidelines | 3485 (35.1) | 1611(33.5) | 1449 (36.4) | 425 (37.4) | |
| Waist Circ Mean (SD) | 96.1 (12.6) | 96.9 (12.7) | 95.8 (12.5) | 93.4 (11.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 1323 (13.3) | 561 (11.7) | 563 (14.2) | 199 (17.5) | |
| Yes | 8593 (86.7) | 4242 (88.3) | 3415 (85.8) | 936 (82.5) | |
| Diabetes | 0.034 | ||||
| No | 8760 (88.3) | 4210 (87.8) | 3525 (88.6) | 1025 (90.3) | |
| Yes | 1156 (11.7) | 593 (12.2) | 453 (11.4) | 110 (9.7) | |
| Frailty Score | <0.001 | ||||
| Non frail | 5, 162 (52.1) | 2280 (44.5) | 2202 (55.4) | 680 (59.9) | |
| Pre-Frail | 3, 731 (37.6) | 1935 (40.3) | 1414 (35.6) | 382 (33.7) | |
| Frail 2 | 1023 (10.3) | 588 (12.2) | 362 (9.1) | 73 (6.4) | |
| Self-reported oral health | <0.001 | ||||
| Poor | 96 (0.9) | 63 (1.3) | 26 (0.6) | 7 (0.6) | |
| Fair good | 4311 (43.5) | 2234 (46.5) | 1658 (41.7) | 419 (36.9) | |
| V.good excellent | 5509 (55.6) | 1124 (52.2) | 2294 (57.7) | 709 (62.5) | |
| Depressionb | 0.021 | ||||
| None | 2873 (29.0) | 1380 (28.7) | 1161 (29.2) | 332 (29.2) | |
| Mild | 5476 (55.2) | 2606 (54.3) | 2222 (55.9) | 648 (57.1) | |
| Mild to moderate | 1567 (15.8) | 817 (17.0) | 595 (14.9) | 155 (13.7) | |
| Diet Score | <0.001 | ||||
| T1 – Low | 379 (3.8) | 305 (6.3) | 69 (1.7) | 5 (0.5) | |
| T2 – Moderate | 6799 (68.6) | 3606 (75.1 | 2648 (66.6) | 545 (48.0) | |
| T3 – High | 2738 (27.6) | 892 (18.6) | 1261 (31.7) | 585 (51.5) |