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. 2024 Oct 23;10(21):e39735. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39735

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Resting-state connectivity with TMS targets decreased after stimulation. Resting-state functional connectivity at baseline (before TMS) for (A) left IPL and (C) right IPL show the TMS targets as connected to the larger DMN at the group level. Green outlines indicate group-level representations of the TMS sites seeded for connectivity. (B) and (D) show TMS-induced changes in connectivity to left IPL after left TMS and to right IPL after right TMS, respectively. TMS induced distributed disruptions in regional connectivity, specifically showing decreased connectivity from the IPL to beyond-target regions that were already anticorrelated with the stimulated area at baseline. We determined TMS effects by contrasting the average difference of pre- and post-stimulation connectivity maps for active TMS against sham, matching the hemisphere IPL seeds to the active TMS conditions. Baseline results are FWE-corrected at cluster level p < 0.05 after voxel thresholding at uncorrected p < 0.001 (t > 3.4). TMS results are FWE-corrected at cluster level p < 0.05 after voxel thresholding at uncorrected p < 0.05 (t > 1.7).