Table 3.

Types of Intervention and Their Efficacy in Targeting Apathy in People with Parkinson’s Disease, as Described in the Included Systematic Reviews and Articles

	k/n	PhE				BA	CCST	CBT	MT
		Nordic Walking	Fitness exercises	Dance therapy	Boxing
Cusso et al 201653	k=3	+	+/=	=
Zhang et al 201954	k=2			=
Larson et al 202255	n=1709				=
Patel et al 202356	n=22				=
Butterfield et al 201757	n=34					+
Diez-Cirarda et al 201758	n=15						=
Piers et al 202259	n=1							+
Piers et al 202360	n=12							+
Shah-Zamora et al 202461	n=16								+

Notes: k: number of included studies that are relevant for the current review; n: number of the included participants; +: significant evidence for reduction of apathy; =: no significant evidence for reduction of apathy.

Abbreviations: PhE, physical exercise; BA, behavioral activation; CCST, compensatory cognitive strategy training; CBT, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; MT, music therapy.