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. 2024 Nov 18;14:28398. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79306-1

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

The surface wettability of PEEK specimens before and after sandblasting and acid etching treatments. (a-c) Water contact angle; (d-f) Artificial saliva contact angle, respectively; (g, h) Water contact angle and Artificial saliva contact angle of three pretreatments. Values have been expressed as mean ± SD (*, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; one-way ANOVA).