Table 5.
Cognitive Performance outcomes according to functional vision diagnosis at 20 years.
| Sensory and cognitive performance evaluation | Functional vision normal N = 454 | Functional vision impairment N = 29 | pa | Adjusted pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wasi total score- 4 components Mean (SD) |
88.1 (13.4) | 82.2 (17.5) | 0.026c | 0.29 |
| Wasi- verbal comprehension composite score P50 (min–max) | 90 (45–123) | 79 (45–118) | 0.032c | 0.35 |
| Wasi- mean perceptual reasoning composite score (SD) | 89.1 (13.9) | 84.8 (17.4) | 0.11 | |
| Wasi-categories by score N (%) | ||||
| Borderline and very low (<80) | 119/449 (26.5) | 15/29 (51.7) | 0.007c | 0.03c |
| Low average (80–89) | 123/449 (27.4) | 5/29 (17.2) | ||
| Normal average (90–110) | 187/449 (41.7) | 6/29 (20.7) | ||
| Above average > 110 | 20/449 (4.5) | 3/29 (10.3) | ||
| VMI -Total score 4 standardized domains P50 (min–max) | 92 (45–107) | 85 (45–107) | 0.25 | |
| VMI- visual P50 (min–max) | 92 (45–107) | 89 (45–101) | 0.28 | |
| VMI- motor P50 (min–max) | 92 (47–107) | 86 (64–102) | 0.13 | |
| Schooling 20 years n/N (%) | ||||
| Secondary | 110/443 (24.8) | 10/28 (35.7) | 0.10 | |
| Technique | 151/443 (34.1) | 10/28 (35.7) | ||
| University | 165/443 (37.3) | 7/28 (25.0) | ||
| Others | 17/443 (3.8) | 1/28 (3.6) | ||
| Passed ICFES N (%) | 379/454 (83.5) | 22/29 (75.9) | 0.29 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in language zscore mean (SD) | −0.00 (0.90) | −0.36 (0.82) | 0.07 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in mathematics zscore mean (SD) | −0.00 (1.01) | −0.44 (0.82) | 0.05 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in social sciences zscore mean (SD) | 0.03 (0.92) | 0.02 (0.92) | 0.98 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in philosophy zscore mean (SD) | 0.07 (0.97) | −0.35 (1.14) | 0.05 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in chemistry zscore mean (SD) | 0.01 (0.95) | −0.33 (0.96) | 0.10 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in physics zscore P50 (min, max) | −0.03 (−4.6, 2.7) | −0.11 (−1.54, 1.62) | 0.78 | |
| ICFES- Standardized score in biology zscore mean (SD) | −0.01 (0.94) | −0.44 (1.19) | 0.039c | 0.41 |
| Learning disorders n/N (%) | 78/453 (17.2) | 12/29 (41.4) | 0.001c | <0.01c |
Tables were based on retrospective data. There are different denominators according to data available during follow-up.
Wasi, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. SD, Standard Deviation. VMI, test of Visual Motor Integration. P50, percentile 50 (median). ICFES test, Instituto Colombiano de Fomento para la Educación Superior (state exams for university entrance in Colombia).
Chi2 or Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative variables and Mann Whitney or Student’s t-test for quantitative variables, according to the distribution of each variable in the comparison groups.
Family-Wise Error Rate (FWER) correction for unadjusted significant values of p.
p < 0.05.