Table 2.
Energy Intake and Dietary Composition of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner in the Whole Cohort and in ↑FatProt and ↑CHO Groups (Mean ± SD).
| ↑FatProt | ↑CHO | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BREAKFAST (n = 570) | Overall | C/FP ≤2.18 | C/FP >2.18 | P-value |
| Energy (kcal) | 200 ± 102 a | 202 ± 104 | 197 ± 100 | .539 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 30.2 ± 15.8 a | 26.3 ± 13.9 | 34.2 ± 16.7 | <.001 |
| Sugar (g) | 14.8 ± 9.1 | 13.1 ± 7.3 | 16.6 ± 10.4 | <.001 |
| Fiber (g) | 1.6 ± 1.8 a | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 2.2 | <.001 |
| Protein (g) | 7.2 ± 3.9 a | 8.6 ± 3.6 | 5.9 ± 3.6 | <.001 |
| Fat (g) | 6.1 ± 4.7 a | 7.5 ± 5.1 | 4.8 ± 3.8 | <.001 |
| Glycemic index (%) | 50.7 ± 15.4 a | 48.2 ± 15.3 | 53.3 ± 15.0 | <.001 |
| Glycemic load (units) | 14.6 ± 9.8 a | 13.1 ± 8.7 | 16.1 ± 10.6 | <.001 |
| C/FP | 3.6 ± 6.2 a | |||
| LUNCH (n = 658) | C/FP ≤1.59 | C/FP >1.59 | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 618 ± 268 | 680 ± 290 | 557 ± 229 | <.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 75.1 ± 32.8 b | 65.2 ± 30.4 | 85.1 ± 32.2 | <.001 |
| Sugar (g) | 14.9 ± 11.2 | 13.9 ± 10.4 | 15.8 ± 11.9 | .038 |
| Fiber (g) | 7.7 ± 5.4 b | 7.7 ± 5.5 | 7.8 ± 5.3 | .759 |
| Protein (g) | 27.8 ± 17.4 b | 35.4 ± 18.8 | 20.1 ± 11.4 | <.001 |
| Fat (g) | 23.3 ± 15.8 b | 30.7 ± 17.5 | 16.0 ± 9.4 | <.001 |
| Glycemic index (%) | 53.4 ± 13.7 b | 56.0 ± 13.9 | 50.9 ± 13.1 | <.001 |
| Glycemic load (units) | 38.4 ± 20.4 | 34.9 ± 17.4 | 42.0 ± 22.5 | <.001 |
| C/FP | 1.9 ± 1.9 b | |||
| DINNER (n = 619) | C/FP ≤1.02 | C/FP >1.02 | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 640 ± 287 | 646 ± 285 | 634 ± 290 | .611 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 64.2 ± 36.7 | 46.1 ± 24.8 | 82.3 ± 37.9 | <.001 |
| Sugar (g) | 14.7 ± 12.0 | 11.6 ± 10.1 | 17.7 ± 13.0 | <.001 |
| Fiber (g) | 7.1 ± 4.7 | 6.3 ± 4.5 | 8.0 ± 4.7 | <.001 |
| Protein (g) | 33.7 ± 16.5 | 39.1 ± 16.8 | 28.2 ± 14.3 | <.001 |
| Fat (g) | 27.5 ± 18.5 | 33.5 ± 19.8 | 21.5 ± 14.9 | <.001 |
| Glycemic index (%) | 63.4 ± 17.7 | 61.4 ± 15.1 | 65.4 ± 19.8 | .005 |
| Glycemic load (units) | 40.0 ± 31.1 | 27.5 ± 17.1 | 52.7 ± 36.5 | <.001 |
| C/FP | 1.3 ± 1.0 |
a
P < .05 vs lunch and dinner; bP < .05 vs dinner, by post hoc ANOVA. Unpaired t-test.