Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics by HCL System.
| Total population | Medtronic 670G/770G | Control IQ | Omnipod 5 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 176) | (N = 47) | (N = 74) | (N = 55) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 41 (30, 54) | 41 (34, 53) | 41 (30, 53) | 40 (27, 55) | .86 |
| Race, N (%) | |||||
| White | 154 (87.5) | 44 (93.6) | 64 (86.5) | 46 (83.6) | .26 a |
| Non-white | 22 (12.5) | 3 (6.4) | 10 (13.5) | 9 (16.4) | |
| Black | 16 (9.1) | 2 (4.3) | 7 (9.5) | 7 (12.7) | |
| Asian | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 2 (3.6) | |
| Other | 3 (1.7) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0) | |
| Male, N (%) | 69 (39.2) | 17 (36.2) | 27 (36.5) | 25 (45.5) | .52 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 22 (14, 33.8) | 24 (16, 27) | 23 (13.8, 34) | 21 (13, 34) | .85 |
| Area household income ($) | 96 314 (44 504) | 97 953 (37 794) | 92 204 (46 156) | 100 054 (50 192) | .61 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.7 (7.0) | 29.6 (7.5) | 29.3 (7.2) | 30.1 (6.4) | .82 |
| Nephropathy, N (%) | 32 (18.2) | 6 (12.8) | 13 (17.6) | 13 (23.6) | .36 |
| Neuropathy, N (%) | 53 (30.1) | 15 (31.9) | 24 (32.4) | 14 (25.5) | .66 |
| Retinopathy, N (%) | 57 (32.4) | 19 (40.4) | 24 (32.4) | 14 (25.5) | .27 |
| CVD, N (%) | 22 (12.5) | 5 (10.6) | 7 (9.5) | 10 (18.2) | .32 |
| eGFR |
N = 173 101 (83, 114.4) |
N = 46 102 (85.0, 113.2) |
N = 72 101 (77.9, 113.6) |
N = 55 102 (84.6, 116.8) |
.92 |
| Baseline TDD (units) |
N = 121 47.7 (33.9, 72.2) |
N = 40 48.9 (34.4, 71.8) |
N = 45 46 (33.2, 72.2) |
N = 36 51.3 (34.9, 71.6) |
.96 |
| Baseline TDD (units/kg) |
N = 121 0.62 (0.20) |
N = 40 0.63 (0.19) |
N = 45 0.60 (0.17) |
N = 36 0.61 (0.25) |
.80 |
| Baseline basal dose (units) |
N = 175 25 (18.2, 36) |
N = 46 24.9 (18.5, 35.7) |
N = 74 26.4 (18, 36.4) |
N = 55 24.5 (18.5, 35) |
.98 |
| Baseline bolus count/day |
N = 120 5.18 (2.05) |
N = 40 5.72 (2.40) |
N = 45 4.69 (1.61) |
N = 35 5.19 (2.03) |
.07 |
| Baseline %bolus override |
N = 116 4.95 (0, 15.2) |
N = 38 10.3 (2.9, 15.6) |
N = 43 2.7 (0, 6) |
N = 35 8 (0, 23.8) |
.007 |
| Education 0- to 30-day N (%) | 102 (57.6) | 25 (53.2) | 43 (58.1) | 34 (61.8) | .68 |
| Education 31- to 90-day N (%) | 59 (33.5) | 18 (38.3) | 24 (32.4) | 17 (30.9) | .71 |
| Baseline pump type, N (%) | |||||
| None | 53 (30.1) | 6 (12.8) | 29 (39.2) | 18 (32.7) | .005 |
| Pump | 123 (69.9) | 41 (87.2) | 45 (60.8) | 37 (67.3) | |
| Medtronic 530/630G | 32 (18.2) | 22 (46.8) | 10 (13.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Medtronic 670/770G | 39 (22.2) | 4 (8.5) | 28 (37.8) | 7 (12.7) | |
| T-slim Basal IQ | 4 (2.3) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.4) | 0 (0) | |
| T-slim Control IQ | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3.6) | |
| T-slim other | 2 (1.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Omnipod 5 | 29 (16.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.4) | 28 (50.9) | |
| Others b | 15 (8.5) | 14 (29.8) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) | |
| Baseline AID type, N (%) | |||||
| None | 139 (79) | 33 (70.2) | 55 (74.3) | 51 (92.7) | <.0001 |
| Basal suspend | 19 (10.8) | 12 (25.5) | 7 (9.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Active HCL | 18 (10.2) | 2 (4.3) | 12 (16.2) | 4 (7.3) | |
| Baseline CGM use, N (%) | 141 (80.1) | 21 (44.7) | 66 (89.2) | 54 (98.2) | <.0001 |
Categorical variables were reported as number (percentage) and analyzed using the chi-square test. Continuous variables with normal distribution were reported as mean (standard deviation), and differences between groups were determined using a one-way ANOVA. Continuous variables with non-normal distribution were reported as median (lower quartile 25%, upper quartile 75%) and analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
AID, automated insulin delivery; BMI, body mass index; CGM, continuous glucose monitor; CVD, cardiovascular disease, eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration); HCL, hybrid closed loop; TDD, total daily insulin.
P-value represents comparison between white and non-white races; P = .29 for comparison against all races.
Others include Medtronic paradigm revel and Animas.