Table 1.
Main Clinical and Metabolic Features During Pregnancy of Women Included in the Study.
| All women (n = 45) | Type 1 diabetes (n = 20) | Type 2 diabetes (n = 17) | Gestational diabetes (n = 8) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 34±5 | 34±5 | 34±4 | 32±3 | .540 |
| Pregestational BMI (kg/m2) | 26 [22-30] | 22 [21-25] | 30 [27-33] | 28 [25-33] | <.001 c |
| Weight gain (kg) | 11±5 | 13±3 | 9±5 | 12±4 | .022 d |
| Pregnancy planning (%) a | 15 (41%) | 11(55%) | 4 (24%) | / | .043 |
| Preconception HbA1c (%) a | 6.3 [5.9-7.4] | 6.3 [5.9-7.4] | 7.0 [5.9-8.1] | / | .240 |
| Diabetes duration(years) a | 11 [4-21] | 20 [11-27] | 4 [1-9] | / | <.001 |
| First trimester TDD/kg (UI/kg) a | 0.4 [0.1-0.6] | 0.6 [0.4-0.7] | 0.1 [0-0.4] | / | .001 |
| Second trimester TDD/kg (UI/kg) | 0.6 [0.3-0.9] | 0.7 [0.6-1.0] | 0.4 [0.2-1.0] | 0.1 [0-0.4] | .006 e |
| Third trimester TDD/kg (UI/kg) | 0.8 [0.4-1.0] | 0.8 [0.7-1.1] | 0.5 [0.3-1.2] | 0.3 [0-0.8] | .056 |
| Third trimester HbA1c b (mmol/mol) | 5.8 [5.5-6.4] | 5.8 [5.5-6.4] | 5.7 [5.4-6.5] | 5.5 [5.3-5.7] | .909 |
Data are shown for all women and based on type of diabetes. ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square test were used as appropriate to compare data among different types of diabetes. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, if normally distributed, and as median [interquartile range] if not; categorical variables are expressed as percentages. The 3-way P values are shown in bold in the last column.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TDD, total daily insulin dose.
Data available for women with pregestational diabetes.
Data available for 30 women.
The post-hoc pairwise comparison showed a significant difference between T1D and T2D (P <.001) and between T1D and GDM (P .003).
The post-hoc pairwise comparison showed a significant difference between T1D and T2D (P .019).
The post-hoc pairwise comparison showed a significant difference between between T1D and GDM (P .009).