Table 2.
Prevalence and YLDs of blindness and vision loss and their AAPCs among adolescents in the Western Pacific Region, 1990 to 2019
| location | Prevalence | YLDs | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case(n), 1990 | Age-standardized prevalence (per 100,000 population), 1990 | Case(n), 2019 | Age-standardized prevalence (per 100,000 population), 2019 | AAPC (%), 1990–2019 | P Value | Case(n), 1990 | Age-standardized YLDs (per 100,000 population), 1990 | Case(n), 2019 | Age-standardized YLDs (per 100,000 population), 2019 | AAPC (%), 1990–2019 | P Value | |
| American Samoa |
134 (108 to 166) |
889.27 (669.97 to 1158.29) |
146 (114 to 182) |
852.49 (636.51 to 1113.61) |
-0.14 (-0.20 to -0.09) |
< 0.001 |
5 (3 to 8) |
35.17 (20.97 to 54.31) |
6 (3 to 8) |
32.32 (19.24 to 50.42) |
-0.29 (-0.33 to -0.25) |
< 0.001 |
| Australia |
61,458 (49322 to 76857) |
1548.11 (1161.92 to 2031.57) |
69,482 (55626 to 87050) |
1531.05 (1155.26 to 2006.69) |
-0.04 (-0.05 to -0.02) |
< 0.001 |
2190 (1321 to 3376) |
55.20 (32.92 to 87.52) |
2441 (1494 to 3762) |
53.81 (32.09 to 84.87) |
-0.08 (-0.11 to -0.04) |
< 0.001 |
| Brunei Darussalam |
1115 (874 to 1391) |
1460.48 (1093.58 to 1901.58) |
1533 (1207 to 1909) |
1418.58 (1062.99 to 1856.41) |
-0.10 (-0.12 to -0.07) |
< 0.001 |
46 (28 to 68) |
59.65 (36.66 to 90.50) |
60 (37 to 91) |
55.43 (33.53 to 85.99) |
-0.25 (-0.28 to -0.22) |
< 0.001 |
| Cambodia |
82,225 (65490 to 98570) |
2546.67 (1941.74 to 3145.23) |
86,108 (67721 to 107504) |
1888.71 (1438.30 to 2432.63) |
-1.04 (-1.16 to -0.93) |
< 0.001 |
3462 (2194 to 5181) |
108.10 (66.94 to 161.84) |
3240 (1997 to 4940) |
70.93 (42.85 to 110.22) |
-1.46 (-1.52 to -1.39) |
< 0.001 |
| China |
2,967,932 (2395798 to 3582731) |
826.56 (643.01 to 1039.02) |
2,228,552 (1785508 to 2719154) |
987.95 (762.94 to 1249.61) |
0.57 (0.12 to 1.01) |
0.012 |
137,348 (90001 to 200852) |
37.96 (24.41 to 56.50) |
89,064 (56454 to 135135) |
39.42 (24.70 to 60.58) |
0.16 (-0.02 to 0.34) |
0.077 |
| Cook Islands |
53 (42 to 65) |
907.05 (682.26 to 1165.64) |
35 (27 to 43) |
836.52 (623.38 to 1094.43) |
-0.28 (-0.32 to -0.25) |
< 0.001 |
2 (1 to 4) |
40.31 (24.44 to 61.86) |
1 (1 to 2) |
33.44 (19.82 to 52.7) |
-0.64 (-0.68 to -0.59) |
< 0.001 |
| Fiji |
2348 (1857 to 2913) |
986.84 (738.34 to 1280.13) |
2206 (1732 to 2720) |
934.48 (694.19 to 1209.86) |
-0.20 (-0.23 to -0.17) |
< 0.001 |
98 (61 to 148) |
41.23 (25.02 to 63.69) |
87 (53 to 132) |
36.83 (21.77 to 56.92) |
-0.40 (-0.44 to -0.37) |
< 0.001 |
| Guam |
340 (272 to 423) |
865.96 (646.42 to 1129.88) |
347 (270 to 438) |
831.95 (615.85 to 1099.32) |
-0.14 (-0.16 to -0.12) |
< 0.001 |
13 (8 to 20) |
32.81 (19.67 to 51.67) |
13 (8 to 20) |
30.35 (18.09 to 48.36) |
-0.27 (-0.31 to -0.23) |
< 0.001 |
| Japan |
332,688 (265080 to 413383) |
1181.60 (904.25 to 1519.46) |
204,496 (161565 to 253790) |
1152.13 (871.25 to 1485.89) |
-0.08 (-0.10 to -0.07) |
< 0.001 |
13,391 (8382 to 20165) |
47.57 (29.45 to 72.31) |
8002 (4936 to 12193) |
45.12 (27.60 to 69.38) |
-0.18 (-0.20 to -0.17) |
< 0.001 |
| Kiribati |
208 (166 to 256) |
928.56 (692.95 to 1198.34) |
310 (245 to 385) |
895.25 (664.71 to 1162.28) |
-0.12 (-0.17 to -0.08) |
< 0.001 |
9 (6 to 14) |
40.32 (24.32 to 62.08) |
13 (8 to 19) |
36.55 (21.94 to 56.51) |
-0.34 (-0.39 to -0.30) |
< 0.001 |
| Lao People’s Democratic Republic |
16,130 (12869 to 20147) |
1236.40 (939.26 to 1578.10) |
23,461 (18513 to 29246) |
1116.74 (841.06 to 1449.41) |
-0.36 (-0.39 to -0.33) |
< 0.001 |
594 (361 to 921) |
45.77 (27.40 to 72.21) |
809 (488 to 1281) |
38.46 (22.51 to 61.36) |
-0.60 (-0.64 to -0.57) |
< 0.001 |
| Malaysia |
84,508 (68454 to 103824) |
1566.94 (1201.16 to 2003.48) |
117,314 (92264 to 145599) |
1450.39 (1096.31 to 1876.06) |
-0.27 (-0.31 to -0.22) |
< 0.001 |
3447 (2144 to 5209) |
64.07 (40.02 to 98.20) |
4268 (2549 to 6602) |
52.53 (31.13 to 83.08) |
-0.69 (-0.73 to -0.64) |
< 0.001 |
| Marshall Islands |
140 (110 to 173) |
920.33 (689.78 to 1189.86) |
144 (114 to 181) |
876.39 (652.36 to 1142.05) |
-0.17 (-0.21 to -0.14) |
< 0.001 |
6 (4 to 9) |
38.61 (23.34 to 59.23) |
6 (3 to 9) |
34.47 (20.70 to 53.61) |
-0.40 (-0.43 to -0.36) |
< 0.001 |
| Micronesia (Federated States of) |
310 (244 to 386) |
908.16 (681.16 to 1177.76) |
274 (214 to 343) |
858.28 (627.90 to 1118.10) |
-0.20 (-0.24 to -0.15) |
< 0.001 |
13 (8 to 20) |
37.84 (23.06 to 58.38) |
11 (6 to 16) |
32.96 (19.19 to 51.52) |
-0.47 (-0.50 to -0.44) |
< 0.001 |
| Mongolia |
8224 (6626 to 10129) |
1165.59 (886.51 to 1494.47) |
8003 (6368 to 9910) |
1095.94 (818.62 to 1410.97) |
-0.21 (-0.23 to -0.19) |
< 0.001 |
370 (233 to 538) |
52.57 (32.28 to 78.74) |
328 (204 to 496) |
44.93 (27.30 to 69.11) |
-0.55 (-0.59 to -0.50) |
< 0.001 |
| Nauru |
27 (21 to 33) |
883.85 (651.11 to 1150.00) |
28 (22 to 35) |
849.92 (628.16 to 1115.74) |
-0.14 (-0.16 to -0.11) |
< 0.001 |
1 (1 to 2) |
35.06 (20.85 to 55.08) |
1 (1 to 2) |
31.70 (18.65 to 50.4) |
-0.34 (-0.37 to -0.32) |
< 0.001 |
| New Zealand |
13,674 (10848 to 16955) |
1625.78 (1234.8 to 2108.92) |
13,908 (10879 to 17224) |
1571.77 (1187.79 to 2043.91) |
-0.12 (-0.13 to -0.10) |
< 0.001 |
503 (313 to 767) |
59.82 (36.54 to 92.58) |
496 (298 to 767) |
56.11 (33.56 to 87.68) |
-0.22 (-0.23 to -0.2) |
< 0.001 |
| Niue |
6 (4 to 7) |
865.21 (650.09 to 1131.24) |
3 (3 to 4) |
820.18 (604.56 to 1070.56) |
-0.18 (-0.22 to -0.15) |
< 0.001 |
0 (0 to 0) |
33.22 (19.77 to 51.88) |
0 (0 to 0) |
29.43 (17.20 to 46.78) |
-0.43 (-0.44 to -0.41) |
< 0.001 |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
110 (87 to 137) |
866.54 (644.25 to 1128.62) |
89 (69 to 111) |
839.76 (616.22 to 1102.57) |
-0.11 (-0.15 to -0.07) |
< 0.001 |
4 (3 to 6) |
32.98 (19.45 to 51.21) |
3 (2 to 5) |
30.66 (18.05 to 48.78) |
-0.25 (-0.28 to -0.22) |
< 0.001 |
| Palau |
40 (32 to 51) |
858.53 (641.24 to 1107.86) |
29 (23 to 37) |
821.61 (612.92 to 1076.28) |
-0.16 (-0.18 to -0.14) |
< 0.001 |
2 (1 to 2) |
32.57 (19.27 to 51.05) |
1 (1 to 2) |
29.52 (17.48 to 47.46) |
-0.34 (-0.37 to -0.31) |
< 0.001 |
| Papua New Guinea |
17,402 (13757 to 21466) |
1330.50 (994.64 to 1725.89) |
37,321 (29241 to 46057) |
1278.89 (953.13 to 1656.82) |
-0.13 (-0.16 to -0.11) |
< 0.001 |
719 (442 to 1082) |
55.04 (33.33 to 84.45) |
1459 (900 to 2185) |
49.99 (30.41 to 77.18) |
-0.33 (-0.35 to -0.31) |
< 0.001 |
| Philippines |
307,298 (247180 to 377973) |
1493.07 (1149.18 to 1889.66) |
456,617 (364109 to 563859) |
1426.32 (1091.97 to 1818.61) |
-0.16 (-0.17 to -0.15) |
< 0.001 |
11,596 (7244 to 17670) |
56.50 (34.72 to 86.32) |
16,407 (9932 to 25288) |
51.21 (30.87 to 79.51) |
-0.34 (-0.35 to -0.33) |
< 0.001 |
| Republic of Korea |
193,522 (152900 to 239946) |
1464.82 (1105.80 to 1912.67) |
118,501 (94975 to 146629) |
1401.69 (1049.42 to 1825.49) |
-0.14 (-0.17 to -0.12) |
< 0.001 |
8006 (4984 to 11996) |
60.60 (37.29 to 91.86) |
4579 (2842 to 6964) |
54.21 (33.19 to 83.98) |
-0.38 (-0.43 to -0.33) |
< 0.001 |
| Samoa |
513 (403 to 630) |
874.75 (641.49 to 1128.24) |
582 (459 to 727) |
849.83 (630.74 to 1110.10) |
-0.10 (-0.12 to -0.07) |
< 0.001 |
20 (13 to 31) |
34.62 (20.55 to 53.32) |
22 (13 to 34) |
32.01 (18.40 to 50.51) |
-0.26 (-0.31 to -0.22) |
< 0.001 |
| Singapore |
15,082 (11786 to 18990) |
1817.44 (1330.86 to 2414.46) |
13,341 (10320 to 16980) |
1769.35 (1301.87 to 2352.06) |
-0.09 (-0.11 to -0.07) |
< 0.001 |
570 (348 to 865) |
68.70 (41.45 to 106.62) |
488 (298 to 753) |
64.77 (38.72 to 102.51) |
-0.20 (-0.23 to -0.17) |
< 0.001 |
| Solomon Islands |
1088 (862 to 1348) |
944.97 (710.43 to 1217.70) |
1815 (1417 to 2243) |
896.71 (666.10 to 1163.37) |
-0.18 (-0.21 to -0.15) |
< 0.001 |
47 (29 to 69) |
40.72 (24.39 to 62.05) |
72 (44 to 111) |
35.78 (21.23 to 55.88) |
-0.44 (-0.49 to -0.39) |
< 0.001 |
| Tokelau |
4 (3 to 5) |
894.37 (668.68 to 1162.28) |
3 (2 to 4) |
837.18 (616.50 to 1094.51) |
-0.23 (-0.25 to -0.20) |
< 0.001 |
0 (0 to 0) |
36.01 (21.77 to 55.89) |
0 (0 to 0) |
30.92 (18.29 to 49.06) |
-0.53 (-0.56 to -0.49) |
< 0.001 |
| Tonga |
224 (180 to 280) |
673.05 (502.54 to 872.49) |
193 (152 to 242) |
628.22 (458.54 to 825.97) |
-0.23 (-0.27 to -0.20) |
< 0.001 |
9 (5 to 13) |
25.89 (15.49 to 40.30) |
7 (4 to 11) |
23.00 (13.49 to 36.34) |
-0.40 (-0.45 to -0.34) |
< 0.001 |
| Tuvalu |
23 (18 to 28) |
916.72 (682.72 to 1184.18) |
29 (23 to 36) |
853.72 (638.62 to 1116.02) |
-0.25 (-0.27 to -0.22) |
< 0.001 |
1 (1 to 1) |
38.37 (23.07 to 58.41) |
1 (1 to 2) |
32.53 (18.97 to 51.12) |
-0.56 (-0.58 to -0.54) |
< 0.001 |
| Vanuatu |
375 (293 to 464) |
795.60 (590.16 to 1028.38) |
682 (534 to 841) |
761.56 (559.88 to 996.21) |
-0.15 (-0.18 to -0.12) |
< 0.001 |
14 (9 to 22) |
30.10 (17.82 to 47.12) |
25 (15 to 39) |
27.43 (16.13 to 43.97) |
-0.33 (-0.38 to -0.27) |
< 0.001 |
| Viet Nam |
335,886 (267917 to 407730) |
1554.21 (1194.73 to 1977.13) |
327,329 (260326 to 404387) |
1563.68 (1203.30 to 2007.02) |
0.03 (-0.04 to 0.09) |
0.420 |
13,505 (8499 to 20384) |
62.67 (38.28 to 95.47) |
11,863 (7186 to 18537) |
56.53 (33.69 to 89.24) |
-0.33 (-0.40 to -0.27) |
< 0.001 |
Notes: YLD, years lived with disability; AAPC, average annual percent change