Table 1.
Patient Characteristics of the Study Cohort (n = 274).
| Patient-based variable | Total cohort (n = 274) a |
|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 50.0 (16.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 26.9 (23.7-30.4) |
| Distressed Communities Index, median (IQR) | 23.7 (9.9-46.6) |
| Female sex, No. (%) | 109 (39.8) |
| Race, No. (%) | |
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.8) |
| Asian | 5 (1.9) |
| Black or African American | 25 (9.6) |
| Hispanic | 8 (3.1) |
| White | 220 (84.6) |
| English-speaking, No. (%) | 265 (97.1) |
| Comorbidities, No. (%) | |
| Depression | 74 (27.0) |
| Anxiety | 67 (24.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 34 (12.4) |
| Fibromyalgia | 12 (4.4) |
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 37 (13.6) |
| Dominant upper extremity affected, No. (%) | 151 (57.2) |
| Chronic opioid use, No. (%) | 18 (6.6) |
| Chronic pain, No. (%) | 30 (11.0) |
| Recent opioid prescription, No. (%) | 33 (12.1) |
Note. SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.
a
Data were missing for the following explanatory variables (n = number of patients with available data): body mass index (n = 273), race (n = 260), language (n = 273), smoking status (n = 273), upper extremity dominance (n = 264), chronic opioid use (n = 273), recent opioid prescription (n = 273), chronic pain (n = 272).