Whole-cell ELISA experiment to show species specificity of VHH19. VHH19 was tested for binding against C. albicans (Ca) and other Candida species: C. dubliniensis (Cd), C. tropicalis (Ct), C. parapsilosis (Cp), C. glabrata (Cg), C. krusei (Ck), and C. lusitaniae (Cl). Each well of the 96-well plates was coated with fixed fungal cells from each of the indicated species, and ELISA was performed with VHH19. According to absorbance values, VHH19 only recognized C. albicans isolates, indicated by the green squares. The absorbance was measured at 490 nm and subtracted from the background signal at 655 nm. The color code for the absorbance was set on the signal intensity of the empty well negative control (Ctrl): 0% indicates the signal intensity of the negative control (red) and 100%, the highest signal in the plate (green).