TABLE 1.

Criteria for classifying the plant dispersal syndromes using guidance from Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982), and Janzen (1984).

Criteria for classification of plant dispersal syndromes
Syndrome	Adapted mechanism of dispersal	Indicative structures (on fruit or seeds)	References
Anemochory	Wind‐dispersal	Plumes or wings	Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982)
Autochory	Self‐dispersal	Dehiscing or exploding fruits/seed pods	van der Pijl (1982)
Endozoochory	Ingestion by animals	Fleshy structures in the form of an aril, pericarp, or pulp.	Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982)
Epizoochory	Adhesion to animal hairs/feathers	Hooks, barbs, or other clingy appendages	Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982)
Foliage is the Fruit	Ingestion by herbivores	Seeds enveloped in nutritive leaves/foliage	Janzen (1984)
Hydrochory	Water‐dispersal	Small, light seeds capable of floatation and/or unwettable	Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982)
Myrmecochory	Ant‐dispersal	Fatty appendages known as elaiosomes	Howe and Smallwood (1982), van der Pijl (1982)
Synzoochory	Scatter‐hoarding	Cacheable fruits/nuts typically in the Fagaceae	van der Pijl (1982)