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DAM Etiology and Activation. (A) The presence of neurodegeneration-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs) serves as key molecular triggers of pattern recognition receptors on microglia that trigger DAM activation pathways. (B) The DAM activation occurs through a two-stage process. The transition from homeostatic to Stage 1 involves decreased presence of homeostatic microglial markers. The Stage 1 to Stage 2 DAM transition necessitates TREM2 signaling.
