Table 1.
Characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | Overall | Non-depression | Depression | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 13,197 | 12,083 | 1,114 | |
| Gender, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 6,959 (52.73%) | 6,524 (53.99%) | 435 (39.05%) | |
| Female | 6,238 (47.27%) | 5,559 (46.01%) | 679 (60.95%) | |
| Age, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Young adults (20–39) | 5,222 (39.57%) | 4,786 (39.61%) | 436 (39.14%) | |
| Middle-aged adults (40–59) | 4,514 (34.20%) | 4,066 (33.65%) | 448 (40.22%) | |
| Older adults (> = 60) | 3,461 (26.23%) | 3,231 (26.74%) | 230 (20.65%) | |
| Race, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican American | 1,771 (13.42%) | 1,638 (13.56%) | 133 (11.94%) | |
| Other Hispanic | 1,256 (9.52%) | 1,110 (9.19%) | 146 (13.11%) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6,043 (45.79%) | 5,547 (45.91%) | 496 (44.52%) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 2,614 (19.81%) | 2,379 (19.69%) | 235 (21.10%) | |
| Other race | 1,513 (11.46%) | 1,409 (11.66%) | 104 (9.34%) | |
| Marital status, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 6,633 (50.26%) | 6,280 (51.97%) | 353 (31.69%) | |
| Widowed | 657 (4.98%) | 582 (4.82%) | 75 (6.73%) | |
| Divorced | 1,505 (11.40%) | 1,297 (10.73%) | 208 (18.67%) | |
| Separated | 415 (3.14%) | 327 (2.71%) | 88 (7.90%) | |
| Never married | 2,741 (20.77%) | 2,472 (20.46%) | 269 (24.15%) | |
| Living with partner | 1,246 (9.44%) | 1,125 (9.31%) | 121 (10.86%) | |
| Education level, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Less than 9th grade | 744 (5.64%) | 649 (5.37%) | 95 (8.53%) | |
| 9-11th grade | 1,500 (11.37%) | 1,303 (10.78%) | 197 (17.68%) | |
| High school graduate | 2,895 (21.94%) | 2,615 (21.64%) | 280 (25.13%) | |
| Some college or AA degree | 4,392 (33.28%) | 4,003 (33.13%) | 389 (34.92%) | |
| College graduate or above | 3,666 (27.78%) | 3,513 (29.07%) | 153 (13.73%) | |
| Monthly family income, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| $0 - $1,649 | 2,925 (22.16%) | 2,514 (20.81%) | 411 (36.89%) | |
| $1,650 - $4,599 | 5,204 (39.43%) | 4,774 (39.51%) | 430 (38.60%) | |
| $4,600 and over | 5,068 (38.40%) | 4,795 (39.68%) | 273 (24.51%) | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 4,237 (32.11%) | 3,764 (31.15%) | 473 (42.46%) | |
| No | 8,960 (67.89%) | 8,319 (68.85%) | 641 (57.54%) | |
| Diabetes, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1,397 (10.59%) | 1,230 (10.18%) | 167 (14.99%) | |
| No | 11,800 (89.41%) | 10,853 (89.82%) | 947 (85.01%) | |
| BMI, kg/m 2 , N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 186 (1.41%) | 165 (1.37%) | 21 (1.89%) | |
| Normal weight (18.5–25) | 3,669 (27.80%) | 3,411 (28.23%) | 258 (23.16%) | |
| Overweight (> = 25) | 9,342 (70.79%) | 8,507 (70.40%) | 835 (74.96%) | |
| Magnesium intake, mg, Mean ± SD | 304.46 ± 138.05 | 307.40 ± 138.52 | 272.57 ± 128.69 | <0.001 |
| MDS, Mean (±SD) | 1.12 ± 0.90 | 1.11 ± 0.89 | 1.27 ± 0.95 | <0.001 |
| MDS categories, N (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Low (0) | 3,139 (23.79%) | 2,935 (24.29%) | 204 (18.31%) | |
| Medium (1–2) | 9,055 (68.61%) | 8,273 (68.47%) | 782 (70.20%) | |
| High (> = 3) | 1,003 (7.60%) | 875 (7.24%) | 128 (11.49%) | |
BMI, body mass index; MDS, magnesium depletion score; N, number; P-value, probability value; SD, standard deviation.
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD, with p-values derived from a linear regression analysis. Categorical variables, on the other hand, are reported as counts (%), and their corresponding p-values are obtained through a weighted chi-square test.