Table 1.

UK Standards for Public Involvement in relation to work with the public researchers.

UK Standard	Summary of standard	Example activities
Inclusive opportunities	Providing public involvement opportunities that are accessible and reach people according to research need	− Open advertising of the opportunity to be part of the NIHR Innovation Observatory Public Advisory Group (n = 19) − Offering recognition payments for time spent working on the project
Working together	Working together in a way that values contributions, builds and sustains mutual respect and productive relationships	− Ensuring the purpose of the public governance role was clear and outlining expectations of both the public members and researchers before project start − Involving the public members in different aspects of the project, including decision making in team meetings, shaping the workshops, commenting on findings, contributing to final report and dissemination − Recognising the role the public governance members had in shaping the project
Support and learning	Offering and promoting support and learning opportunities to build confidence and skills for involvement in research	− Inducting the public governance members into the project and asking about potential areas for development within this − Offering ad hoc support to public governance members, where desired − Evaluating the experience of the public governance members to identify what went well and what did not, to take to future projects
Communications	Using plain language for well‐timed, relevant communications	− Flexibility in communication methods, where desired (e.g., email or online meetings) − Inclusion in research team correspondence, such as notes and actions from project meetings
Impact	Identifying and sharing the difference public involvement makes to research	− Clear signposting of the contributions of the public governance team members within the project final report − Reflecting on and evaluating the involvement of the public governance members − Use of the PIRIT toolkit to demonstrate the impact of PPI throughout the project [8]
Governance	Involving the public in the management, regulation, leadership and decision making within research	− Inclusion of public governance team members in team meetings, correspondence and the design and delivery (where wanted) of the project − Defined role of the public contributors; expectations of the role discussed and agreed within an informal induction − Resources in place to provide timely recognition payments for time spent working on the project; flexibility in how these were delivered

Note: Adapted from Crowe et al. [6, 7].

Abbreviations: NIHR, National Institute for Health and Care Research; PIRIT, Patient Involvement in Research Impact; UK, United Kingdom.